您的位置:首页 > 编程语言 > Java开发

spring RestTemplate使用

2017-02-14 00:38 531 查看
最近看到spring RestTemplate,觉得挺好用的,就研究总结了一下,第一次写。。。

RestTemplate可使用http的所有方式进行请求,本文主要说明下get,post的使用,其他的基本类似。

http get 方式

spring RestTemplate中直接使用get方法有两种getForObject和getForEntity

getForObject

每种方式都有3个重载方法

T getForObject(URI url, Class responseType)

T getForObject(String url, Class responseType, MapString< String, ?> urlVariables)

T getForObject(String url, Class responseType, Object… urlVariables)

其中url为请求url,可用通配符表示请求参数,responseType为请求返回的对象类,自动封装成对象该对象形式, Map< String, ?> urlVariables表示请求参数,与通配符对应即可, Object… urlVariables为请求的参数数组形式,按顺序一一匹配url中内容,例子如下:

User 类,省略get,set方法

public class User {

private String name;

private Integer age;


private RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

private String name = "xiaoming";

private Integer age = 18;


getForObject

发送方

String url = "http://localhost:8080/getUser?name={name}&age={age}";
Object[] arr = new Object[]{name, age};
User u = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class, arr);




String url = "http://localhost:8080/getUser?name={name}&age={age}";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", name);
map.put("age", age);
User u = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class, map);


接收方

public User get1(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam Integer age)


getForEntity

getForEntity与getForObject请求参数基本一样,只是返回内容不一样

ResponseEntity getForEntity(String url, Class responseType, Object… urlVariables)

getForEntity返回ResponseEntity,里面包含返回消息内容和http headers,http 状态码,如下例

String url = "http://localhost:8080/getUser?name={name}&age={age}";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", name);
map.put("age", age);
ResponseEntity<User> res = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class, map);
User u = res.getBody();
HttpHeaders headers = res.getHeaders();
HttpStatus status = res.getStatusCode();


以上是RestTemplate的get请求使用方式,对于get请求传送head信息的,实现在下面说到

http post 方式

post方法主要有3种方法:postForObject, postForEntity和postForLocation

postForObject

同样有3种重载

T postForObject(String url, Object request, Class responseType, Object… uriVariables)

T postForObject(String url, Object request, Class responseType, Map

private HttpEntityRequestCallback(Object requestBody, Type responseType) {
super(responseType);
if (requestBody instanceof HttpEntity) {
this.requestEntity = (HttpEntity<?>) requestBody;
}
else if (requestBody != null) {
this.requestEntity = new HttpEntity<Object>(requestBody);
}
else {
this.requestEntity = HttpEntity.EMPTY;
}
}


可以看到Object request最终都会转换为HttpEntity,httpEntity类中如下

public class HttpEntity<T> {

/**
* The empty {@code HttpEntity}, with no body or headers.
*/
public static final HttpEntity<?> EMPTY = new HttpEntity<Object>();

private final HttpHeaders headers;

private final T body;


主要包含headers和body两部分内容,如果Object request可直接转为HttpEntity,则可直接使用,否则默认为HttpEntity中body的内容

参数传递,这种post方式可以避开get方法参数过长的影响,不限制参数长度

String url = "http://localhost:8080/getUser";
LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
map.add("name", name);
map.add("age", age);

User u = restTemplate.postForObject(url, map, User.class);




String url = "http://localhost:8080/getUser";
LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
map.add("name", name);
map.add("age", age);

HttpEntity<LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(map);

User u = restTemplate.postForObject(url, httpEntity, User.class);


接收方

public User get1(@ModelAttribute User user)


传递http head信息,可自行设置http请求的head信息

发送方

String url = "http://localhost:8080/getUser";
LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
map.add("name", name);
map.add("age", age);

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("msg", "head msg test");

HttpEntity<LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);

User u = restTemplate.postForObject(url, httpEntity, User.class);


接收方

@RequestMapping(value = "/getUser", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
public User get1(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam Integer age, @RequestHeader(required = false)  String msg)


postForEntity和postForLocation

postForEntity返回ResponseEntity,与getForEntity相同

postForLocation返回URI,返回的是response header中的location信息,一般用于资源定位。

exchange方法

spring直接提供了所有http的请求的公用方法exchange,简单介绍下

ResponseEntity exchange(String url, HttpMethod method,

HttpEntity< ?> requestEntity, Class responseType, Object… uriVariables)

参数设置基本相同,多了个HttpMethod ,设置http的请求方式,通过这个就可以设置Http Get方式的头信息
内容来自用户分享和网络整理,不保证内容的准确性,如有侵权内容,可联系管理员处理 点击这里给我发消息
标签:  spring