区间[A,B]与N互素的元素个数 [容斥][Eratosthenes筛法]
2017-02-11 23:30
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Problem Description
Given a number N, you are asked to count the number of integers between A and B inclusive which are relatively prime to N.Two integers are said to be co-prime or relatively prime if they have no common positive divisors other than 1 or, equivalently, if their greatest common divisor is 1. The number 1 is relatively prime to every integer.
Input
The first line on input contains T (0 < T <= 100) the number of test cases, each of the next T lines contains three integers A, B, N where (1 <= A <= B <= 1015) and (1 <=N <= 109).Output
For each test case, print the number of integers between A and B inclusive which are relatively prime to N. Follow the output format below.Sample Input
21 10 2
3 15 5
Sample Output
Case #1: 5Case #2: 10
Hint
In the first test case, the five integers in range [1,10] which are relatively prime to 2 are {1,3,5,7,9}.解题报告
LL ans用成int ,debug半天没看出了,一直wa,心累。求区间[A,B]与N互素的元素个数,这是一个经典的容斥问题。
公式如下
设Ai为N的第i个质因子的倍数的集合,然后套用上面公式即可解决问题了。
关键是将这个公式表达出来,有没有发现一共有2^n项多项式,而且组合数量为奇数时负,组合数量为偶数时符号为正。
代码如下
#include<stdio.h> #define MAX_N 64 typedef long long LL; LL par[MAX_N];int u; //a[] 记录N的u个质因子 LL solve(LL A,LL B,LL n){ u=0; for(int i=2;i*i<=n;i++) if(n%i==0){ par[u++]=i; while(n%i==0) n/=i; } if(n>1) par[u++]=n; LL ans=0; // 2^u种组合 组合数量为奇数时负 为偶数时符号为正 // 用二进制可以方便的表示集合 for(LL i=1;i<(1<<u);i++){ int cnt=0;//组合数量 LL res=1;//组合元素的公倍数 for(int k=0;k<u;k++){ if((i>>k)&1){ res*=par[k]; cnt++; } } if(cnt&1) ans+=B/res-A/res; else ans-=B/res-A/res; } return B-A-ans; } int main() { int T;LL A,B,N; scanf("%d",&T); for(int t=1;t<=T;t++){ scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&A,&B,&N); printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",t,solve(A-1,B,N)); } return 0; }
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