js定义对象

1.工厂模式

function createPerson(name,age,job){
var o = {};
o.name = name;
o.age = age;
o.job = job;
o.sayName = function(){
alert(this.name);
};
return o;
}
var tanya = createPerson("tanya","30","female");
var ansel = createPerson("ansel","30","male");
tanya.sayName();
ansel.sayName();

这里先定义o为一个空的对象，然后为o设置了一堆属性。其实也可以直接给o属性的嘛，所以如果这样写也是ok的。

function createPerson(name,age,job){
var o = {
name : name,
age : age,
job : job,
sayName : function(){
alert(this.name);
}
};
return o;
}
var tanya = createPerson("tanya","30","female");
var ansel = createPerson("ansel","30","male");
tanya.sayName();
ansel.sayName();

2.构造函数模式

unction Person(name,age,job){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.job = job;
this.sayName = function(){
alert(this.name);
};
}
var tanya = new Person("tanya","30","female");
var ansel = new Person("ansel","30","male");
tanya.sayName();
ansel.sayName();

在这个例子中，tanya和ansel都有一个constructor属性，该属性指向person。
考虑一下如下的情况：

function Person(name,age,job){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.job = job;
this.sayName = function(){
alert(this.name);
};
}
Person("tanya","30","female");
Person("ansel","30","male");
window.sayName();
window.sayName();

发现两次弹出的都是ansel，这是因为不用new的话，就不是一个person的实例，而仅仅在执行函数。而在全局作用域调用一个函数时this总是指向Global对象。而Global对象在浏览器中就是window对象。

我们还可以用构造模式在另外一个对象中调用sayName方法，还记得Apply和call么，来吧再考虑另外一种情况，

function Person(name,age,job){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.job = job;
this.sayName = function(){
alert(this.name);
};
}
var olivia = {};
Person.call(olivia,"tanya","30","female");
olivia.sayName();
var philip = {}
Person.apply(philip,["ansel","30","male"]);
philip.sayName();

原型模式就要考虑原型链了，分析一下，sayName方法在实例中被重复定义了两次，但其实没有必要创造两个一样的副本。使用原型方法，可以使是tanya和ansel的共享一个sayName方法。
于是原型模式的写法如下：

function Person(name,age,job){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.job = job;
}
Person.prototype.sayName= function(){
alert(this.name);
};
var tanya = new Person("tanya","30","female");
var ansel = new Person("ansel","30","male");
tanya.sayName();
ansel.sayName();