Android SDK Sample(一) CardReader
2017-01-31 00:16
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Android SDK Sample(一) CardReader
导语
本Sample主要是介绍NFC三种模式之一读卡器(Reader)模式的使用,学习本Sample需要对ISO 7816-4报文协议有一定了解。运行本Sample也需要一张智能卡,例如:羊城通。(NFC读取羊城通卡信息)效果图
Mainifest.xml
minSdk >=19
本Sample要求的最Sdk必须是19,因为在API 19之后,Google提供NFC的API有所改变,本Sample是根据API 19之后的API所写,不兼容API 19以下的机型
所需要的权限
<!-- NFC Reader Mode was added in API 19. --> <!-- Min/target SDK versions (<uses-sdk>) managed by build.gradle --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
首先要求手机或者设备需要有NFC功能,其次需要NFC权限
工程目录
核心类
CardReaderFragment注册NFC
private void enableReaderMode() { Log.i(TAG, "Enabling reader mode"); Activity activity = getActivity(); NfcAdapter nfc = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(activity); if (nfc != null) { nfc.enableReaderMode(activity, mLoyaltyCardReader, READER_FLAGS, null); } }
1.获取NfcAdapter,一般直接使用DefaultAdapter;
2.调用enableReaderMode(Activity activity, ReaderCallback callback, int flags, Bundle extras)函数进行注册Nfc,手机发现Nfc标签后会回调ReaderCallBack,第三个参数flags可以进行标签类型过滤。第四个参数可以传入一些配置,例如读卡延迟时间等。
<
4000
p>注销NFC
private void disableReaderMode() { Log.i(TAG, "Disabling reader mode"); Activity activity = getActivity(); NfcAdapter nfc = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(activity); if (nfc != null) { nfc.disableReaderMode(activity); } }
没啥好说的,直接调用disableReaderMode(Activity activity)
生命周期的调用
@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { // Inflate the layout for this fragment View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.main_fragment, container, false); if (v != null) { mAccountField = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.card_account_field); mAccountField.setText("Waiting..."); mLoyaltyCardReader = new LoyaltyCardReader(this); // Disable Android Beam and register our card reader callback enableReaderMode(); } return v; } @Override public void onPause() { super.onPause(); disableReaderMode(); } @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); enableReaderMode(); }
本类实现的回调接口
public class CardReaderFragment extends Fragment implements LoyaltyCardReader.AccountCallback { @Override public void onAccountReceived(final String account) { // This callback is run on a background thread, but updates to UI elements must be performed // on the UI thread. getActivity().runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mAccountField.setText(account); } }); } }
主要是实现了一个接口:LoyaltyCardReader.AccountCallback,这个接口在读卡成功后会进行回调。
再来关注下LoyaltyCardReader,本类实现了刚刚所说的注册NFC所需要的回调ReaderCallback,具体分析如下:
成员变量:
具体7816-4指令可以查看相关文档,APDU指令执行成功,返回数据的最后两个字节为9000。
private static final String TAG = "LoyaltyCardReader"; // AID for our loyalty card service. private static final String SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID = "F222222222"; // ISO-DEP command HEADER for selecting an AID. // Format: [Class | Instruction | Parameter 1 | Parameter 2] private static final String SELECT_APDU_HEADER = "00A40400"; // "OK" status word sent in response to SELECT AID command (0x9000) private static final byte[] SELECT_OK_SW = {(byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x00};
接口实现函数:
@Override public void onTagDiscovered(Tag tag) { //Nfc标签被检测到后回调这个函数 Log.i(TAG, "New tag discovered"); // Android's Host-based Card Emulation (HCE) feature implements the ISO-DEP (ISO 14443-4) // protocol. // // In order to communicate with a device using HCE, the discovered tag should be processed // using the IsoDep class. //使用IsoDep完成后续操作 IsoDep isoDep = IsoDep.get(tag); if (isoDep != null) { try { // Connect to the remote NFC device //Nfc与卡片进行连接,抛出IO异常,常见为Tag was Lost isoDep.connect(); // Build SELECT AID command for our loyalty card service. // This command tells the remote device which service we wish to communicate with. Log.i(TAG, "Requesting remote AID: " + SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID); //构建APDU指令 byte[] command = BuildSelectApdu(SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID); // Send command to remote device Log.i(TAG, "Sending: " + ByteArrayToHexString(command)); //nfc执行APDU指令 byte[] result = isoDep.transceive(command); // If AID is successfully selected, 0x9000 is returned as the status word (last 2 // bytes of the result) by convention. Everything before the status word is // optional payload, which is used here to hold the account number. //判断指令是否执行成功,最后两个字节为9000则是成功,成功后则回调给Fragment更新UI int resultLength = result.length; byte[] statusWord = {result[resultLength-2], result[resultLength-1]}; byte[] payload = Arrays.copyOf(result, resultLength-2); if (Arrays.equals(SELECT_OK_SW, statusWord)) { // The remote NFC device will immediately respond with its stored account number String accountNumber = new String(payload, "UTF-8"); Log.i(TAG, "Received: " + accountNumber); // Inform CardReaderFragment of received account number mAccountCallback.get().onAccountReceived(accountNumber); } else { Log.i(TAG, "Received: " + ByteArrayToHexString(statusWord)); System.out.println(ByteArrayToHexString(statusWord)); } } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Error communicating with card: " + e.toString()); } } }
工具函数:
构建APDU指令,返回byte[]数组,AID的长度用16进制表示,长度为2个字节
/** * Build APDU for SELECT AID command. This command indicates which service a reader is * interested in communicating with. See ISO 7816-4. * * @param aid Application ID (AID) to select * @return APDU for SELECT AID command */ public static byte[] BuildSelectApdu(String aid) { // Format: [CLASS | INSTRUCTION | PARAMETER 1 | PARAMETER 2 | LENGTH | DATA] return HexStringToByteArray(SELECT_APDU_HEADER + String.format("%02X", aid.length() / 2) + aid); }
byte[]数组转16进制字符串
/** * Utility class to convert a byte array to a hexadecimal string. * * @param bytes Bytes to convert * @return String, containing hexadecimal representation. */ public static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) { final char[] hexArray = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'}; char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2]; int v; for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) { v = bytes[j] & 0xFF; hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4]; hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F]; } return new String(hexChars); }
16进制字符串转byte[]数组
/** * Utility class to convert a hexadecimal string to a byte string. * * <p>Behavior with input strings containing non-hexadecimal characters is undefined. * * @param s String containing hexadecimal characters to convert * @return Byte array generated from input */ public static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(String s) { int len = s.length(); byte[] data = new byte[len / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) { data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16)); } return data; }
单元测试
本Sample的单元测试继承了ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2,所以需要运行在真机或者模拟器中@Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); // Starts the activity under test using the default Intent with: // action = {@link Intent#ACTION_MAIN} // flags = {@link Intent#FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK} // All other fields are null or empty. mTestActivity = getActivity(); mTestFragment = (CardReaderFragment) mTestActivity.getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments().get(1); } /** * Test if the test fixture has been set up correctly. */ public void testPreconditions() { //Try to add a message to add context to your assertions. These messages will be shown if //a tests fails and make it easy to understand why a test failed assertNotNull("mTestActivity is null", mTestActivity); assertNotNull("mTestFragment is null", mTestF 9e32 ragment); } /** * Test building SELECT APDU from AID string. */ public void testBuildSelectApdu() { final String aid = "1234"; final byte[] expectedResult = {(byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xA4, 04, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34}; final byte[] result = LoyaltyCardReader.BuildSelectApdu(aid); assertEquals(expectedResult.length, result.length); for (int i = 0; i < expectedResult.length; i++) { assertEquals(expectedResult[i], result[i]); } } /** * Test converting from a hex string to binary. */ public void testHexToBinary() { final byte[] testData = {(byte) 0xc0, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xee}; final byte[] output = LoyaltyCardReader.HexStringToByteArray("C0FFEE"); for (int i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) { assertEquals(testData[i], output[i]); } } /** * Test converting from binary to a hex string */ public void testBinaryToHex() { final byte[] input = {(byte) 0xc0, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xee}; final String output = LoyaltyCardReader.ByteArrayToHexString(input); assertEquals("C0FFEE", output); }
单元测试执行结果
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