matplot 安装

Installing

There are many different ways to install matplotlib, and the best way depends on what operating system you are using, what you already have installed, and how you want to use it. To avoid wading through all the details (and potential complications) on this
page, there are several convenient options.

Installing pre-built packages

Most platforms : scientific Python distributions

The first option is to use one of the pre-packaged python distributions that already provide matplotlib built-in. The Continuum.io Python distribution (Anaconda or miniconda)
and the Enthought distribution (Canopy) are both excellent choices that “just work” out of the box for Windows,
OSX and common Linux platforms. Both of these distributions include matplotlib and lots of other useful tools.

Linux : using your package manager

If you are on Linux, you might prefer to use your package manager. matplotlib is packaged for almost every major Linux distribution.
Debian / Ubuntu : 

sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib

Fedora / Redhat : 

sudo yum install python-matplotlib

Mac OSX : using pip

If you are on Mac OSX you can probably install matplotlib binaries using the standard Python installation program pip.
See Installing OSX binary wheels.

Windows

If you don’t already have Python installed, we recommend using one of the scipy-stack
compatible Python distributions such as WinPython, Python(x,y), Enthought Canopy, or Continuum Anaconda, which have matplotlib and many of its dependencies, plus other useful packages, preinstalled.
For standard Python installations, install matplotlib using pip:

python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
python -m pip install matplotlib

In case Python 2.7 or 3.4 are not installed for all users, the Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 ( 64
bit or 32 bit for Python 2.7) or Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 ( 64
bit or 32 bit for Python 3.4) redistributable packages need to be installed.
Matplotlib depends on Pillow for reading and saving JPEG, BMP, and
TIFF image files. Matplotlib requires MiKTeX and GhostScript for
rendering text with LaTeX. FFmpeg, avconv, mencoder,
or ImageMagick are required for the animation module.
The following backends should work out of the box: agg, tkagg, ps, pdf and svg. For other backends you may need to install pycairo, PyQt4,PyQt5, PySide, wxPython, PyGTK, Tornado,
or GhostScript.
TkAgg is probably the best backend for interactive use from the standard Python shell or IPython. It is enabled as the default backend for the official binaries. GTK3 is not supported on Windows.
The Windows wheels (

*.whl

) on the PyPI
download page do not contain test data or example code. If you want to try the many demos that come in the matplotlib source distribution, download the 

*.tar.gz

 file
and look in the 

examples

 subdirectory. To run the test suite, copy the

lib\matplotlib\tests

 and 

lib\mpl_toolkits\tests

 directories
from the source distribution to 

sys.prefix\Lib\site-packages\matplotlib

and 

sys.prefix\Lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits

 respectively,
and install nose, mock,
Pillow, MiKTeX, GhostScript, ffmpeg, avconv, mencoder, ImageMagick, and Inkscape.

Installing from source

If you are interested in contributing to matplotlib development, running the latest source code, or just like to build everything yourself, it is not difficult to build matplotlib from source. Grab the latest tar.gz release
file from the PyPI files page, or if you want to develop matplotlib or just need the latest bugfixed version,
grab the latest git version Source install from git.
The standard environment variables 

CC

, 

CXX

, 

PKG_CONFIG

 are
respected. This means you can set them if your toolchain is prefixed. This may be used for cross compiling.
export CC=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc export CXX=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-g++ export PKG_CONFIG=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-pkg-config
Once you have satisfied the requirements detailed below (mainly python, numpy, libpng and freetype), you can build matplotlib:

cd matplotlib
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

We provide a setup.cfg file
that goes with 

setup.py

 which you can use to customize the build process. For example,
which default backend to use, whether some of the optional libraries that matplotlib ships with are installed, and so on. This file will be particularly useful to those packaging matplotlib.
If you have installed prerequisites to nonstandard places and need to inform matplotlib where they are, edit 

setupext.py

 and
add the base dirs to the 

basedir

 dictionary entry for your 

sys.platform

.
e.g., if the header to some required library is in 

/some/path/include/someheader.h

, put

/some/path

 in
the 

basedir

 list for your platform.

Build requirements

These are external packages which you will need to install before installing matplotlib. If you are building on OSX, see Building
on OSX. If you are building on Windows, see Building on Windows. If you are installing
dependencies with a package manager on Linux, you may need to install the development packages (look for a “-dev” postfix) in addition to the libraries themselves.

Required Dependencies

python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5 or 3.6Download python.numpy 1.7.1 (or later)array support for python (download numpy)setuptoolsSetuptools provides extensions for python package installation.dateutil 1.1 or laterProvides extensions to python datetime handling. If using pip, easy_install or installing from source, the installer will attempt to download and install 

python_dateutil

 from
PyPI.pyparsingRequired for matplotlib’s mathtext math rendering support. If using pip, easy_install or installing from source, the installer will attempt to download and install 

pyparsing

 from
PyPI.libpng 1.2 (or later)library for loading and saving PNG files
(download). libpng requires zlib.pytzUsed to manipulate time-zone aware datetimes. https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytzFreeType 2.3 or laterLibrary for reading true type font files. If using pip, easy_install or installing from source, the installer will attempt to locate FreeType in expected locations. If it cannot, try installing pkg-config,
a tool used to find required non-python libraries.cycler 0.10.0 or laterComposable cycle class used for constructing style-cyclessixRequired for compatibility between python 2 and python 3

Dependencies for python 2

functools32Required for compatibility if running on Python 2.7.subprocess32Optional, unix only. Backport of the subprocess standard library from 3.2+ for Python 2.7. It provides better error messages and timeout support.

Optional GUI framework

These are optional packages which you may want to install to use matplotlib with a user interface toolkit. See What
is a backend? for more details on the optional matplotlib backends and the capabilities they provide.
tk 8.3 or later, not 8.6.0 or 8.6.1
The TCL/Tk widgets library used by the TkAgg backend.
Versions 8.6.0 and 8.6.1 are known to have issues that may result in segfaults when closing multiple windows in the wrong order.
pyqt 4.4 or laterThe Qt4 widgets library python wrappers for the Qt4Agg backendpygtk 2.4 or laterThe python wrappers for the GTK widgets library for use with the GTK or GTKAgg backendwxpython 2.8 or laterThe python wrappers for the wx widgets library for use with the WX or WXAgg backend

Optional external programs

ffmpeg/avconv or mencoderRequired for the animation module to be save out put to movie formats.ImageMagickRequired for the animation module to be able to save to animated gif.

Optional dependencies

PillowIf Pillow is installed, matplotlib can read and write a larger selection of image file formats.pkg-configA tool used to find required non-python libraries. This is not strictly required, but can make installation go more smoothly if the libraries and headers are not in the expected locations.

Required libraries that ship with matplotlib

agg 2.4The antigrain C++ rendering engine. matplotlib links against the agg template source statically, so it will not affect anything on your system outside of matplotlib.

qhull

 2012.1A library for computing Delaunay triangulations.

ttconv

truetype font utility

Building on Linux

It is easiest to use your system package manager to install the dependencies.
If you are on Debian/Ubuntu, you can get all the dependencies required to build matplotlib with:

sudo apt-get build-dep python-matplotlib

If you are on Fedora/RedHat, you can get all the dependencies required to build matplotlib by first installing 

yum-builddep

 and
then running:

su -c "yum-builddep python-matplotlib"

This does not build matplotlib, but it does get the install the build dependencies, which will make building from source easier.

Building on OSX

The build situation on OSX is complicated by the various places one can get the libpng and freetype requirements (darwinports, fink, /usr/X11R6) and the different architectures (e.g., x86, ppc, universal) and
the different OSX version (e.g., 10.4 and 10.5). We recommend that you build the way we do for the OSX release: get the source from the tarball or the git repository and follow the instruction in 

README.osx

.

Building on Windows

The Python shipped from https://www.python.org is compiled with Visual Studio
2008 for versions before 3.3, Visual Studio 2010 for 3.3 and 3.4, and Visual Studio 2015 for 3.5 and 3.6. Python extensions are recommended to be compiled with the same compiler.
Since there is no canonical Windows package manager, the methods for building freetype, zlib, and libpng from source code are documented as a build script at matplotlib-winbuild.