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Oracle 12C 数据恢复步骤

2017-01-17 10:51 288 查看

1.1.1 场景

2016年04月25日，由于操作失误，执行了数据库安装时的磁盘设置脚本，所有磁盘前100M数据被清除。导致数据库无法使用。4月22日对数据库进行了全库备份（仅包括数据文件），spfile，control文件均未备份。

1.1.2 操作步骤

使用CRS自动备份的文件恢复OCR ，使用备份的pfile生成spfile，启动数据库后，使用数据库自动生成的control文件的快照恢复控制文件，再用rman恢复数据。

1.1.3 恢复

本步骤结合网上的步骤，及现实情况，进行总结而成。如有类似情况，请参考执行。

1.1.3.1 恢复OCR和VOTEDISK

1)        停止RAC上的CRS服务端

SMIRRDB1:/# crsctl stop has -f

SMIRRDB2:/# crsctl stop has -f

2)        在SMIRRDB1节点上以NOCRS方式启动CRS，此操作会启动ASM实例

# crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs

CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been started.

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2789: Cannot stop resource 'ora.cssd'as it is not running on server 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd'on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd'on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on'smirrdb1' succeeded
4000


CRS-2672: Attempting to start'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd'on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon'on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd'on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'smirrdb1'succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage'on 'smirrdb1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on'smirrdb1' succeeded

3)        按原先的ASM设计方案创建DG

# su - grid

$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> create diskgroup SYSDG externalredundancy

2 disk '/dev/rhdisk2'

3 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' ='12.1','compatible.asm' = '12.1';



Diskgroup created.



SQL> create diskgroup FRADG externalredundancy

2 disk '/dev/rhdisk3','/dev/rhdisk4'

3 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' ='12.1','compatible.asm' = '12.1';



Diskgroup created.



SQL> create diskgroup DATADG externalredundancy

2 disk '/dev/rhdisk7','/dev/rhdisk8'

3 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' ='12.1','compatible.asm' = '12.1';



Diskgroup created.



4)        恢复OCR

# su - root

# ocrconfig -showbackup   ## 检查OCR当前的备份文件

PROT-26: Oracle Cluster Registry backuplocations were retrieved from a local copy



smirrdb1 2016/04/25 08:36:34/oracle/app/12.1.0/grid/cdata/CLR-MIRR/backup00.ocr     0



smirrdb1 2016/04/25 04:36:33 /oracle/app/12.1.0/grid/cdata/CLR-MIRR/backup01.ocr     0



smirrdb1 2016/04/25 00:36:32/oracle/app/12.1.0/grid/cdata/CLR-MIRR/backup02.ocr     0



smirrdb1 2016/04/24 04:36:27 /oracle/app/12.1.0/grid/cdata/CLR-MIRR/day.ocr     0



smirrdb2 2016/04/12 18:35:55 /oracle/app/12.1.0/grid/cdata/CLR-MIRR/week.ocr     0

PROT-25: Manual backups for the OracleCluster Registry are not available

使用最新备份的backup00.ocr。

# ocrconfig -restore/oracle/app/12.1.0/grid/cdata/CLR-MIRR/backup00.ocr ## 恢复OCR

## 检查OCR已经恢复

# ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is asfollows :

        Version                  :          4

        Total space (kbytes)     :     409568

        Used space (kbytes)      :       1432

        Available space (kbytes) :    408136

        ID                       : 998319658

        Device/File Name         :     +SYSDG

                                    Device/Fileintegrity check succeeded

        Device/File Name         :    +DATADG

                                    Device/Fileintegrity check succeeded



                                    Device/Filenot configured



                                    Device/File not configured



                                    Device/Filenot configured



        Cluster registry integrity check succeeded



        Logical corruption check succeeded

5)        生成spfile

# su - grid

$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> create spfile from memory;

注:如果指定的目录未创建，请登录创建。

$ asmcmd

SQL> mkdir +SYSDG/CLR-MIRR/ASMPARAMETERFILE



6)        创建VOTEDISK

# crsctl replace votedisk +SYSDG

Successful addition of voting disk 375366a405384f81bfefde626f7d5cc8.

Successfully replaced voting disk groupwith +SYSDG.

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfullyreplaced

7)     OCR和VOTEDISK都恢复完成后，重启CRS到正常模式

# crsctl stop has -f

# crsctl start crs

# crsctl check crs

CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Servicesis online

CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services isonline

CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Servicesis online

CRS-4533: Event Manager is online

1.1.3.2 恢复数据库

1)        使用备份的参数文件将数据库启动到nomount状态

SMIRRDB1:/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs$sqlplus/ as sysdba



SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production onMon Apr 25 11:10:32 2016



Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.



Connected to an idle instance.



SQL> startup nomountpfile='dbmirr_pfile01.ora'

ORACLE instance started.



Total System Global Area 4294967296bytes

Fixed Size                  5365496 bytes

Variable Size            3590324488 bytes

Database Buffers          687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers               11411456 bytes

2)        创建启动文件spfile

SQL> createspfile='+DATADG/DBMIRR/spfileDBMIRR.ora' from pfile='dbmirr_pfile01.ora';



File created.

## 注，如创建目录不存在，请使用asmcmd命令创建

## 数据库应当有备份的spfile文件，可通过rman恢复，但本rac未备份spfile。

## 使用spfile启动数据库

SQL> shutdown immedate;

SQL> startup nomount force;

3)        恢复control文件

由于本数据库未备份control文件，只能通过control快照来恢复。

快照路径：/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_DBMIRR1.f

# su - oracle

$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 -Production on Mon Apr 25 12:04:35 2016



Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.



connected to target database: DBMIRR (notmounted)



RMAN> restore controlfile from'snapcf_DBMIRR1.f';



Starting restore at 25-APR-16

using target database control file insteadof recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_
be4b
1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1991instance=DBMIRR1 device type=DISK



channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control filecopy

output filename=+DATADG/ORAMIRRS/CONTROLFILE/current.257.910094701

output filename=+FRADG/ORAMIRRS/CONTROLFILE/current.256.910094701

Finished restore at 25-APR-16

4)        恢复数据

SQL>alter database mount;   ## mount数据库

SMIRRDB1:/soft/orabackup$rmantarget /



Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 -Production on Mon Apr 25 12:07:52 2016



Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.



connected to target database: DBMIRR(DBID=2598089823, not open)



RMAN>restore database;



Starting restore at 25-APR-16

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at25-APR-16

using target database control file insteadof recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

Crosschecked 12 objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at25-APR-16



Starting implicit crosscheck copy at25-APR-16

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at25-APR-16



searching for all files in the recoveryarea

cataloging files...

no files cataloged



using channel ORA_DISK_1



channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafilebackup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00001 to +DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/system.260.909054177

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00003 to +DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/sysaux.262.909054201

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005to +DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/undotbs1.264.909054211

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00006 to +DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/undotbs2.267.909054305

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00007 to +DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/users.268.909054307

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00011 to +DATADG/ORAMIRR/CDC/icdcdat01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backuppiece /soft/orabackup/Primary_bkp_for_stndby_0br3mcrq_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: ORA-19870: error whilerestoring backup piece /soft/orabackup/Primary_bkp_for_stndby_0

ORA-19504: failed to create file"+DATADG/ORAMIRR/CDC/icdcdat01.dbf"

ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file+DATADG/ORAMIRR/CDC/icdcdat01.dbf

ORA-15173: entry 'ORAMIRR' does not existin directory '/'



channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafilebackup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00008 to +DATADG/oramirr_system.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00009 to +DATADG/oramirr_sysaux.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00010 to +DATADG/oramirr_users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backuppiece /soft/orabackup/Primary_bkp_for_stndby_0cr3mcsu_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piecehandle=/soft/orabackup/Primary_bkp_for_stndby_0cr3mcsu_1_1tag=TAG20160422T15574

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafilebackup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00002 to +DATADG/DBMIRR/30560331E9710080E0536F010141495F/DATAFILE/s

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile00004 to +DATADG/DBMIRR/30560331E9710080E0536F010141495F/DATAFILE/s

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backuppiece /soft/orabackup/Primary_bkp_for_stndby_0dr3mcte_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/orabackup/Primary_bkp_for_stndby_0dr3mcte_1_1tag=TAG20160422T15574

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:15

failover to previous backup



creating datafile file number=1name=+DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/system.260.909054177

RMAN-00571:===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACKFOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571:===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure ofrestore command at 04/25/2016 12:08:49

ORA-01180: can not createdatafile 1

ORA-01110: data file 1:'+DATADG/DBMIRR/DATAFILE/system.260.909054177'

由于磁盘都已损坏，并不能完全恢复数据，

借助隐藏参数不要再恢复了,也不要redo了,直接启库

SQL> alter system set"_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup

SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;

SQL> alter system set"_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=false scope=spfile;

SQL> shutdown immediate;

将SMIRRDB1中新的OCR位置信息拷贝至SMIRRDB2 /etc/oracle/ocr.loc中

再两台机器重新启动，启动数据库集群。

在本案例中MGMTDB未恢复，需要进行重建。

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