第24章 编写简单的脚本实用工具

24.1 归档

1 按日归档

#/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%y%m%d)

FILE=archive$DATE.tar.gz

CONFIG_FILE=/root/archive/Files_To_Backup
DESTINATION=/root/archive/$FILE

if [ -f $CONFIG_FILE ]
then
echo "$CONFIG_FILE is exist."

else
echo "$CONFIG_FILE does not exist."
exit
fi

FILE_NO=1
exec < $CONFIG_FILE

read FILE_NAME
while [ $? -eq 0 ]
do
if [ -f $FILE_NAME -o -d $FILE_NAME ]
then
FILE_LIST="$FILE_LIST $FILE_NAME"
else
echo
echo "$FILE_NAME,does not exist."
echo "Obviously,I will not include it in this archive."
echo "It is listed on line $FILE_NO of the config file."
echo "Counting to build archive list..."
echo
fi

FILE_NO=$[$FILE_NO + 1]
read FILE_NAME
done

echo $FILE_LIST

echo "Starting archive..."
echo
tar -czf $DESTINATION $FILE_LIST 2> /dev/null

echo "Archive completed"
echo "Resulting archive file is: $DESTINATION"
echo

exit

2 按小时归档

#/bin/bash

CONFIG_FILE=/root/archive/hourly/Files_To_Backup

BASEDEST=/root/archive/hourly

DAY=$(date +%d)
MONTH=$(date +%m)
TIME=$(date +%k%M)

mkdir -p $BASEDEST/$MONTH/$DAY

DESTINATION=$BASEDEST/$MONTH/$DAY/archive$TIME.tar.gz

if [ -f $CONFIG_FILE ]
then
echo "$CONFIG_FILE is exist."

else
echo "$CONFIG_FILE does not exist."
exit
fi

FILE_NO=1
exec < $CONFIG_FILE

read FILE_NAME
while [ $? -eq 0 ]
do
if [ -f $FILE_NAME -o -d $FILE_NAME ]
then
FILE_LIST="$FILE_LIST $FILE_NAME"
else
echo
echo "$FILE_NAME,does not exist."
echo "Obviously,I will not include it in this archive."
echo "It is listed on line $FILE_NO of the config file."
echo "Counting to build archive list..."
echo
fi

FILE_NO=$[$FILE_NO + 1]
read FILE_NAME
done

echo $FILE_LIST

echo "Starting archive..."
echo
tar -czf $DESTINATION $FILE_LIST 2> /dev/null

echo "Archive completed"
echo "Resulting archive file is: $DESTINATION"
echo

exit

24.2 管理用户账户

24.2.1 需要的功能

删除账号时，需要4个步骤：

（1）获得正确的待删除用户账号名

（2）杀死正在系统上运行的属于该账户的进程

（3）确认系统上属于该账户的所有文件

（4）删除该用户账户

#!/bin/bash

function get_answer {
unset ANSWER
ASK_COUNT=0
while [ -z "$ANSWER" ]
do
ASK_COUNT=$[ $ASK_COUNT + 1 ]
case $ASK_COUNT in
2)
echo "please answer the question."
;;
3)
echo "One lase try...please answer the question."
;;
4)
echo "Since you refuse to answer the question..."
echo "exiting program."
exit
esac

echo

if [ -n "$LINE2" ]
then
echo $LINE1
echo -e $LINE2" \c"
else
echo -e $LINE1" \c"
fi

read -t 60  ANSWER
done

unset LINE1
unset LINE2

}

function process_answer {

case $ANSWER in
y|Y|YES|yes|Yes|yEs|YEs|yES)
;;
*)
echo
echo $EXIT_LINE1
echo $EXIT_LINE2
echo
exit
;;
esac

unset EXIT_LINE1
unset EXIT_LINE2

}

############ Main Script#############
echo "Step #1 - Determine User Account name to Delete"
echo
LINE1="please enter the username of the user"
LINE2="account you wish to delete from system:"
get_answer
USER_ACCOUNT=$ANSWER
echo "$USER_ACCOUNT"

LINE1="Is $USER_ACCOUNT the user account "
LINE2="you wish to delete from the system?[y/n]"
get_answer

EXIT_LINE1="Because the account,$USER_ACCOUNT,is not "
EXIT_LINE2="the one you wish to delete,we are leaving the script..."
process_answer

USER_ACCOUNT_RECORD=$(cat /etc/passwd | grep -w $USER_ACCOUNT)

if [ $? -eq 1 ]
then
echo
echo "Account,$USER_ACCOUNT, not found."
echo "Leaving the script..."
echo
exit
fi

echo
echo "I found this record:"
echo $USER_ACCOUNT_RECORD

LINE1="Is this the correct User Account?[y/n]"
get_answer

EXIT_LINE1="Because the account,$USER_ACCOUNT,is not "
EXIT_LINE2="the one you wish to delete,we are leaving the script..."
process_answer

echo
echo "Step #2 - Find process on system belonging to user account"
echo

ps -u $USER_ACCOUNT >/dev/null
case $? in
1)
echo "There are no processed for this account currently running."
echo
;;
0)
echo "$USER_ACCOUNT has the following processes running:"
echo
ps -u $USER_ACCOUNT
LINE1="Would you like me to kill the process(es)?[y/n]"
get_answer

case $ANSWER in
y|Y|YES|yes|Yes|yEs|yeS|YEs|yES)
echo
echo "Killing off process(es)..."

COMMAND_1="ps -u $USER_ACCOUNT --no-heading"

COMMAND_3="xargs -d \\n /usr/bin/sudo /bin/kill -9"

$COMMAND_1 | gawk '{print $1}' | $COMMAND_3

echo
echo "Process(es) killed."
;;
*)
echo
echo "will not kill the process(es)"
echo
;;
esac
;;
esac

echo
echo "Step #3 - Find files on system belonging to user account"
echo

echo "Creating a report of all files owned by $USER_ACCOUNT."
echo
echo "It is recommended that you backup/archive these files,"
echo "and then do one of two things:"
echo " 1) Delete the files"
echo " 2) Change the files' ownership to a current user account."
echo
echo "Please wait.This may take a while..."
REPORT_DATE=$(date +%y%m%d)

REPORT_FILE=$USER_ACCOUNT"_Files_"$REPORT_DATE".rpt"

find / -user $USER_ACCOUNT > $REPORT_FILE 2>/dev/null

echo
echo "Name of report:     $REPORT_FILE"
echo "Location of report: $(pwd)"
echo

echo
echo "Step #4 - Remove user account"
echo

LINE1="Remove $USER_ACCOUNT's account from system?[y/n]"
get_answer

EXIT_LINE1="Since you do not wish to remove the user account,"
EXIT_LINE2="$USER_ACCOUNT at this time,exiting the script..."
process_answer

userdel $USER_ACCOUNT
echo
echo "User account, $USER_ACCOUNT,has been removed"
echo

exit

24.3 监测磁盘空间

找出指定目录中磁盘空间使用量位居前十名的用户

#!/bin/bash

CHECK_DIRECTORIES="/var/log /home"

DATE=$(date '+%m%d%y')
exec > disk_space_$DATE.rpt

echo "Top Ten Disk Space Usage"
echo "for $CHECK_DIRECTORIES Directories"

for DIR_CHECK in $CHECK_DIRECTORIES
do
echo ""
echo "The $DIR_CHECK Directory:"

du -S $DIR_CHECK 2>/dev/null |
sort -rn |
sed '{11,$D; =}' |
sed 'N; s/\n/ /' |
gawk '{printf $1 ":" "\t" $2 "\t" $3 "\n"}'
done

exit