菜鸟学Linux 第058篇笔记 httpd编译安装

菜鸟学Linux 第058篇笔记 httpd编译安装

PHP: 脚本编程语言，php解释器
WebApp: 面向对象的特性
Zend引擎:
第一段： 语法分析、语法分析、编译为Opcode;
opcode旋转于内存中
第二段： 执行Opcode;

PHP 缓存器
APC
eAccelerator
XCache

PHP解释器-->MySQL, 如何交互？
bash: a.sh
PHP程序 : b.php
php53-mysql 驱动

httpd+php:
CGI
module
FastCGI/fpm port: 9000

web性能优化（动态内容静态化）
httpd
缓存：可以把动态脚本执行后所返回的内容存储在httpd的缓存里，
第二次有用户再请求时，则可快速响应
应用程序服务器
缓存：可以把用户所请求的动态代码，编译成二进制可执行的格式
并放入缓存中，第二次有其它用户请求时，则可直接执行，而不
再进行编译的过程

编译配置LAMP:
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP(Python, Perl)
编译安装顺序
httpd --> MySQL --> php --> XCache

Apache: ASF(apache软件基金会), httpd, tomcat, cloudware
httpd 2.4.4
php 5.4.13
MySQL 5.5 (rpm,通用二进制，源码)

rpm包
/bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin
/lib, /usr/lib
/etc
/usr/share/{doc,man}

编译安装
/usr/local/
bin, sbin
lib
etc
share/{doc,man}
/usr/local/apr/
bin, sbin, lib, includes, etc, share/man
（注意需要添加环境变量，库连接，man文档）

httpd编译安装
apr: Apache Portable Runtime
apr apr-util apr-iconv
安装顺序： apr --> apr-util --> httpd
下载apr apr-util httpd www.apache.org

安装apr
# tar -xf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
# cd apr-1.5.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install

安装apr-util
# tar -xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# cd apr-util-1.5.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install

安装httpd
# tar -xf httpd-2.4.25.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.4.25.tar.bz2
./configure --prefix=PATH --sysconfdir=PATH
--enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-deflate --enable-proxy-fcgi
--enable-cgi --enable-cgid --enable-modules=most --enable-mods-shared=most
--enable-mpms-shared={prefork|worker|event|all 可多选} --with-mpm=event
--enable-rewrite
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util (注意这些是一行内容)
# make

# make install

/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
Pidfile "/var/run/httpd.pid"

vim /etc/rc.d/init/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0

start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac

exit $RETVAL

chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd
chkconfig -add httpd
chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

添加环境变量 /etc/profile.d/
vim httpd.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin
(不会立即生效，需要重新打开shell)

变更模块 /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
#LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule prefork_module modules/mod_prefork.so

(到此编译安装httpd结束)

httpd 2.4新特性
1、MPM可于运行时装载
2、Event MPM 可正式使用
3、异步读写
5、每请求配置：<If>, <ElseIf>, <Else>;
6、增强的表达式分析器；
7、毫秒组的KeepAlive Timeout;
8、基于域名的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令
9、降低了内存占用
10、支持在配置文件中使用自定义变量；

新增加的模块
mod_proxy_fcgi
mod_proxy_scgi
等等

对于基于IP的访问控制
废除
Order allow,deny
allow from all

2.4使用Require user
Require (not) ip IPADDR
IP
NETWORK/MASK
NETWORK/LENGTH
NET
172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0 = 172.16.0.0/16 = 172.16
Requre host HOSTNAME
HOSTNAME
DOMAIN
www.mysky.com
mysky.com
所有主机
Require all granted
Require all deny