接口自动化测试框架搭建 – Java+TestNG 测试Restful service

接口自动化测试 – Java+TestNG 测试 Restful Web Service

关键词：基于Rest的Web服务，接口自动化测试，数据驱动测试，测试Restful Web Service， 数据分离，Java+Maven+TestNG

本文主要介绍如何用Java针对Restful web service 做接口自动化测试（数据驱动），相比UI自动化，接口自动化稳定性可靠性高，实施难易程度低，做自动化性价比高。所用到的工具或类库有 TestNG, Apache POI, Jayway rest-assured，Skyscreamer - JSONassert

简介：

思想是数据驱动测试，用Excel来管理数据，‘Input’ Sheet中存放输入数据，读取数据后拼成request 调用service, 拿到response后写入 ‘Output’ Sheet 即实际结果, ‘Baseline’为基线（期望结果）用来和实际结果对比的，‘Comparison’ Sheet里存放的是对比结果不一致的记录，‘Result’ Sheet 是一个简单的结果报告。

Maven工程目录结构：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>qa</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Automation</name>
<description>Test project for Demo</description>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-jar</id>
<goals>
<goal>test-jar</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>com.demo.qa.utils.TestStartup</mainClass>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<configuration>
<skip>true</skip>
<suiteXmlFiles>
<suiteXmlFile>src\test\resources\HTTPReqGenTest.xml</suiteXmlFile>
</suiteXmlFiles>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-cli</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
<pluginExecutions>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[1.0.0,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<execute />
</action>
</pluginExecution>
</pluginExecutions>
</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.restassured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.restassured</groupId>
<artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.10.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-cli</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-cli</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.10.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>xml-apis</artifactId>
<groupId>xml-apis</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.skyscreamer</groupId>
<artifactId>jsonassert</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>1.7.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

运行是通过TestNG的xml文件来执行的， 里面配置了Parameter “workBook” 的路径





TestNG的运行结果都是Pass, 但事实上里面有case是Fail的，我只是借助TestNG来运行，我并没有在@Test方法里加断言Assert, 所以这里不会Fail, 我的目的是完全用Excel来管理维护测试数据以及测试结果，做到数据脚本完全分离。



Output sheet



Comparison sheet



Result sheet



当然 你也可以把maven工程打成一个可执行jar来运行,不过需要增加一个main函数作为入口，xml测试文件通过参数传递进去，另外还需要在pom里配置一些插件，像maven-jar-plugin。

如果你还需要做back-end DB check，你可以在Input里再增加几列，你要查询的表，字段，Baseline里也相应的加上期望结果，这里就不再赘述了。

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4229805.html

注：转载需注明出处及作者名。