实验4:Android数据存储和访问-书籍的增删改查
2016-12-10 08:44
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本次实验的任务是实现书籍的增删改查,其实我们可以对数据进行的操作也就无非四种,即CRUD。其中C代表添加(Create),R代表查询(Retrieve),U代表更新(Update),D代表删除(Delete)。每一种操作又各自对应了一种SQL命令,如果你比较熟悉SQL语言的话,一定会知道添加数据时使用insert,查询数据时使用select,更新数据时使用update,删除数据时使用delete。
一、实验效果图:
二、主要代码:
1、Java代码:
(1)MyDatabaseHelper.Java
Android为了让我们能够更加方便地管理数据库,专门提供了一个SQLiteOpenHelper帮助类,借助这个类就可以非常简单地对数据库进行创建和升级。
SQLiteOpenHelper中有两个抽象方法,分别是onCreate()和onUpgrade(),我们必须在自己的帮助类里面重写这两个方法,然后分别在这两个方法中去实现创建、升级数据库的逻辑。
package com.example.databasetest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public static final String CREATE_BOOK = "create table book ("
+ "id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "author text, "
+ "price real, " + "pages integer, " + "name text)";
public static final String CREATE_CATEGORY = "create table Category ("
+ "id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "category_name text, "
+ "category_code integer)";
private Context mContext;
public MyDatabaseHelper(Context context, String name,
CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
mContext = context;
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK);
Toast.makeText(mContext, "Create succeeded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
db.execSQL("drop table if exists Book");
db.execSQL("drop table if exists Category");
onCreate(db);
}
}
(2)MainActivity.java
package com.example.databasetest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(this, "BookStore.db", null, 2);
/* 创建数据 */
Button createDatabase = (Button) findViewById(R.id.create_database);
createDatabase.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
}
});
/* 添加数据 */
Button addData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add_data);
addData.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
// 开始组装第一条数据
values.put("name", "The Da Vinci Code");
values.put("author", "Dan Brown");
values.put("pages", 454);
values.put("price", 16.96);
db.insert("Book", null, values); // 插入第一条数据
values.clear();
// 开始组装第二条数据
values.put("name", "The Lost Symbol");
values.put("author", "Dan Brown");
values.put("pages", 510);
values.put("price", 19.95);
db.insert("Book", null, values); // 插入第二条数据
}
});
/* 更新数据 */
Button updateData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.update_data);
updateData.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("price", 10.99);
db.update("Book", values, "name = ?",
new String[] { "The Da Vinci Code" });
}
});
/* 删除数据 */
Button deleteButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.delete_data);
deleteButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
db.delete("Book", "pages > ?", new String[] { "500" });
}
});
/* 查询数据 */
Button queryButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.query_data);
queryButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
// 查询Book表中所有的数据
Cursor cursor = db.query("Book", null, null, null, null, null,
null);
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
do {
// 遍历Cursor对象,取出数据并打印
String name = cursor.getString(cursor
.getColumnIndex("name"));
String author = cursor.getString(cursor
.getColumnIndex("author"));
int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor
.getColumnIndex("pages"));
double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor
.getColumnIndex("price"));
Log.d("MainActivity", "book name is " + name);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book author is " + author);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book pages is " + pages);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book price is " + price);
} while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
cursor.close();
}
});
}
}
2、布局文件:
activity_main.xml:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/create_database"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Create database" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/add_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Add data" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/update_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Update data" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/delete_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Delete data" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/query_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Query data" />
</LinearLayout>
三、体会总结 :
1、创建数据、添加数据、更新数据、删除数据都较为简单,在操作方法上有一定的相似性,而查询数据也是在CRUD中最复杂的一种操作。
2、使用SQL来完成CRUD操作:
(1)添加数据的方法如下:
db.execSQL("insert into Book (name, author, pages, price) values(?, ?, ?, ?)",
new String[] { "The Da Vinci Code", "Dan Brown", "454", "16.96" });
db.execSQL("insert into Book (name, author, pages, price) values(?, ?, ?, ?)",
new String[] { "The Lost Symbol", "Dan Brown", "510", "19.95" });
一、实验效果图:
二、主要代码:
1、Java代码:
(1)MyDatabaseHelper.Java
Android为了让我们能够更加方便地管理数据库,专门提供了一个SQLiteOpenHelper帮助类,借助这个类就可以非常简单地对数据库进行创建和升级。
SQLiteOpenHelper中有两个抽象方法,分别是onCreate()和onUpgrade(),我们必须在自己的帮助类里面重写这两个方法,然后分别在这两个方法中去实现创建、升级数据库的逻辑。
package com.example.databasetest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public static final String CREATE_BOOK = "create table book ("
+ "id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "author text, "
+ "price real, " + "pages integer, " + "name text)";
public static final String CREATE_CATEGORY = "create table Category ("
+ "id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "category_name text, "
+ "category_code integer)";
private Context mContext;
public MyDatabaseHelper(Context context, String name,
CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
mContext = context;
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK);
Toast.makeText(mContext, "Create succeeded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
db.execSQL("drop table if exists Book");
db.execSQL("drop table if exists Category");
onCreate(db);
}
}
(2)MainActivity.java
package com.example.databasetest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(this, "BookStore.db", null, 2);
/* 创建数据 */
Button createDatabase = (Button) findViewById(R.id.create_database);
createDatabase.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
}
});
/* 添加数据 */
Button addData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add_data);
addData.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
// 开始组装第一条数据
values.put("name", "The Da Vinci Code");
values.put("author", "Dan Brown");
values.put("pages", 454);
values.put("price", 16.96);
db.insert("Book", null, values); // 插入第一条数据
values.clear();
// 开始组装第二条数据
values.put("name", "The Lost Symbol");
values.put("author", "Dan Brown");
values.put("pages", 510);
values.put("price", 19.95);
db.insert("Book", null, values); // 插入第二条数据
}
});
/* 更新数据 */
Button updateData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.update_data);
updateData.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("price", 10.99);
db.update("Book", values, "name = ?",
new String[] { "The Da Vinci Code" });
}
});
/* 删除数据 */
Button deleteButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.delete_data);
deleteButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
db.delete("Book", "pages > ?", new String[] { "500" });
}
});
/* 查询数据 */
Button queryButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.query_data);
queryButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
// 查询Book表中所有的数据
Cursor cursor = db.query("Book", null, null, null, null, null,
null);
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
do {
// 遍历Cursor对象,取出数据并打印
String name = cursor.getString(cursor
.getColumnIndex("name"));
String author = cursor.getString(cursor
.getColumnIndex("author"));
int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor
.getColumnIndex("pages"));
double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor
.getColumnIndex("price"));
Log.d("MainActivity", "book name is " + name);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book author is " + author);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book pages is " + pages);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book price is " + price);
} while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
cursor.close();
}
});
}
}
2、布局文件:
activity_main.xml:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/create_database"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Create database" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/add_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Add data" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/update_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Update data" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/delete_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Delete data" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/query_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Query data" />
</LinearLayout>
三、体会总结 :
1、创建数据、添加数据、更新数据、删除数据都较为简单,在操作方法上有一定的相似性,而查询数据也是在CRUD中最复杂的一种操作。
2、使用SQL来完成CRUD操作:
(1)添加数据的方法如下:
db.execSQL("insert into Book (name, author, pages, price) values(?, ?, ?, ?)",
new String[] { "The Da Vinci Code", "Dan Brown", "454", "16.96" });
db.execSQL("insert into Book (name, author, pages, price) values(?, ?, ?, ?)",
new String[] { "The Lost Symbol", "Dan Brown", "510", "19.95" });
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