Oracle使用sqluldr2快速导出数据

1.使用介绍

SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.

Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:
user    = username/password@tnsname
sql     = SQL file name
query   = select statement
field   = separator string between fields
record  = separator string between records
rows    = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000)
file    = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
log     = log file name, prefix with + to append mode
fast    = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
text    = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).
charset = character set name of the target database.
ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
parfile = read command option from parameter file
read    = set DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT at session level
sort    = set SORT_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)
hash    = set HASH_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)
array   = array fetch size
head    = print row header(Yes|No)
batch   = save to new file for every rows batch (Yes/No)
size    = maximum output file piece size (UNIB:MB)
serial  = set _serial_direct_read to TRUE at session level
trace   = set event 10046 to given level at session level
table   = table name in the sqlldr control file
control = sqlldr control file and path.
mode    = sqlldr option, INSERT or APPEND or REPLACE or TRUNCATE
buffer  = sqlldr READSIZE and BINDSIZE, default 16 (MB)
long    = maximum long field size
width   = customized max column width (w1:w2:...)
quote   = optional quote string
data    = disable real data unload (NO, OFF)
alter   = alter session SQLs to be execute before unload
safe    = use large buffer to avoid ORA-24345 error (Yes|No)
crypt   = encrypted user information only (Yes|No)
sedf/t  = enable character translation function
null    = replace null with given value
escape  = escape character for special characters
escf/t  = escape from/to characters list
format  = MYSQL: MySQL Insert SQLs, SQL: Insert SQLs.
exec    = the command to execute the SQLs.
prehead = column name prefix for head line.
rowpre  = row prefix string for each line.
rowsuf  = row sufix string for each line.
colsep  = separator string between column name and value.
presql  = SQL or scripts to be executed before data unload.
postsql = SQL or scripts to be executed after data unload.
lob     = extract lob values to single file (FILE).
lobdir  = subdirectory count to store lob files .
split   = table name for automatically parallelization.
degree  = parallelize data copy degree (2-128).

for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,
\r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27

2.常用案例

根据查询语句导出
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" query="select * from table" field="0x09" record=0x0a file="/opt/data/table.txt" charset=UTF8

如果查询sql比较长，则可以把sql语句放入到文件中
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" sql="/opt/sql/query.sql" field="0x09" record=0x0a file="/opt/data/table.txt" charset=UTF8

按记录数切分文件的功能取决于三个命令行选项: FILE, ROWS, BATCH. 其中FILE选项指定的文件名中需要包括”%b”特征串, 以表示生成的文件号. ROWS指定单个文件的记录数, 而BATCH则指定是否切换成多个文件.
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" sql="/opt/sql/query.sql" field="0x09" record=0x0a rows=100000 batch=yes file="/opt/data/table.%b.txt" charset=UTF8

按大小切分文件的功能取决于两个命令行选项: FILE, SIZE. 其中FILE选项指定的文件名中需要包括”%b”特征串, 以表示生成的文件号; 而SIZE选项指定每个文件的目标大小.
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" sql="/opt/sql/query.sql" field="0x09" record=0x0a size=500MB file="/opt/data/table.%b.txt" charset=UTF8

3.常见错误

sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法:
1.先检查libclntsh.so.10.1文件是否存在，一般安装完数据库，该文件都会存在。
2.设置oracle的环境变量,加载oracle的lib包export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/db
export ORACLE_SID=oracle
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

ORA-24345: A Truncation or null fetch error occurred

导出参数加上:safe=yes