C# 之 EXCEL导入导出

以下方式是本人总结的一些经验，肯定有很多种方法，在此先记下，留待以后补充...

希望朋友们一起来探讨相关想法，请在下方留言.

A-1：EXCEL模板导出

非常简单,将EXCEL模板上传到项目中后，将其浏览URL保存下来（excelUrl）,然后：

window.location.href="http://localhost:10086/yuanxin/Resources/BusRoute.xlsx"  //EXCEL浏览路径

或者使用<a href="excelUrl"></a>都行。

A-2：EXCEL数据导出--Web项目--C#代码导出：

/// <summary>
/// EXCEL帮助类
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">泛型类</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TCollection">泛型类集合</typeparam>
public class ExcelHelp<T, TCollection> where T : new() where TCollection : List<T>, new()
{
//http请求Request对象
public static HttpRequest baseRequest = HttpContext.Current.Request;
//http请求Response对象
public static HttpResponse baseResponse = HttpContext.Current.Response;/// <summary>
/// 将数据导出EXCEL
/// </summary>
/// <param name="columnNameAndShowNameDic">列名+显示名</param>
/// <param name="tColl">数据集（tColl里的类属性名必须和字典中的列名一致）</param>
public static void ExportExcelData(Dictionary<string, string> columnNameAndShowNameDic, TCollection tColl)
{
WorkBook workbook = WorkBook.CreateNew();
WorkSheet worksheet = workbook.Sheets["sheet1"];

List<string> columnNameList = columnNameAndShowNameDic.Keys.ToList();
List<string> showNameList = columnNameAndShowNameDic.Values.ToList();
//暂定26行
string[] zm = new string[] { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z" };
//设置首列显示
for (var i = 0; i < columnNameList.Count; i++)
{
worksheet.Cells[zm[i] + "1"].Value = showNameList[i];
//加粗
worksheet.Cells[zm[i] + "1"].Style.Font.Bold = true;
}
for (int i = 0; i < tColl.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < columnNameList.Count; j++)
{
worksheet.Cells[zm[j] + (i + 2)].Value = getPropertyValue(tColl[i], columnNameList[j]);
}
}
byte[] buffer = workbook.SaveAsBytes();
baseResponse.Clear();
baseResponse.Buffer = true;
baseResponse.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
//baseResponse.ContentType = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet";
baseResponse.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel";
//设置导出文件名
baseResponse.AddHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;  filename=" + "MaintainReport" + ".xlsx");
baseResponse.AddHeader("Content-Length", buffer.Length.ToString());

baseResponse.BinaryWrite(buffer);
baseResponse.Flush();
baseResponse.End();
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取属性值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t">T对象实例</param>
/// <param name="propertyName">属性名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string getPropertyValue(T t, string propertyName)
{
PropertyInfo info = t.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName);
//获取属性值转换暂设置如下字段，可根据实际情况添加
if (info.PropertyType == typeof(DateTime))
{
return Convert.ToDateTime(info.GetValue(t)).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
}
return info.GetValue(t).ToString();
}
}

A-2--EXCEL数据导出--WebAPI项目--NPOI--接口导出：

说明：以下方法借助第三方插件：NPOI专门处理EXCEL等办公文档的类库，因此项目中需引用该插件，NuGet--所有NPOI即可安装。

NPOI百度百科

/// <summary>
/// 班车数据导出成EXCEL
/// </summary>
/// <param name="conferenceID"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet]
public HttpResponseMessage ExportExcelDataForBusRoute(string conferenceID)
{
HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage();
ControllerHelp.RunAction(() =>
{
BusRouteModelCollection busColl = BusRouteModelAdapter.Instance.Load(m => m.AppendItem("ConferenceID", conferenceID));
//如果想要某个单元格内容显示多列，在内容中加入： "\n"  换行字符
Dictionary<string, string> dicColl = new Dictionary<string, string>() {
{"路线标题","Title" },
{"发车时间","DepartDate" },
{"出发地","BeginPlace" },
{"对接人","ContactsName" },
{"对接人电话","ContactsPhone" }
};
result = ExcelHelp<BusRouteModel, BusRouteModelCollection>.ExportExcelData(dicColl, busColl, "BusRoute");
});
return result;
}

　　　　　/// <summary>
/// 得到excel文件流
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private MemoryStream ExcelStream(Dictionary<string, string> displayAndColumnName, TCollection tlist)
{
//var list = dc.v_bs_dj_bbcdd1.Where(eps).ToList();
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

ISheet sheet1 = workbook.CreateSheet("Sheet1");

//1-创建首行
IRow headRow = sheet1.CreateRow(0);
//1.1-设置首行样式
IFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
font.Boldweight = (short)FontBoldWeight.Bold;   //字体加粗
ICellStyle headCellStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
headCellStyle.SetFont(font);
headCellStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center;  //字体居中

List<string> displayNameList = displayAndColumnName.Keys.ToList();
//1.2-设置首行标题
for (var i = 0; i < displayAndColumnName.Keys.Count; i++)
{
ICell cell = headRow.CreateCell(i);
cell.SetCellValue(displayNameList[i].ToString());
cell.CellStyle = headCellStyle;
}
//2-设置内容列
List<string> columnNameList = displayAndColumnName.Values.ToList();
//2.1-内容行样式
ICellStyle contentCellStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
contentCellStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center;  //字体居中
contentCellStyle.WrapText = true;  //自动换行
for (var i = 0; i < tlist.Count; i++)
{
IRow row = sheet1.CreateRow(i + 1);
//设置内容
for (var j = 0; j < columnNameList.Count; j++)
{
ICell cell = row.CreateCell(j);
cell.SetCellValue(getPropertyValue(tlist[i], columnNameList[j]));
cell.CellStyle = contentCellStyle;
}
}
//3-自动列宽-根据内容长度自动展开
for (int i = 0; i < displayNameList.Count; i++)
{
sheet1.AutoSizeColumn(i);
}

MemoryStream file = new MemoryStream();
workbook.Write(file);
//这句代码非常重要，如果不加，会报：打开的EXCEL格式与扩展名指定的格式不一致
file.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

return file;
}
/// <summary>
/// 导出excel功能控制器
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public HttpResponseMessage ExportExcelDataForWebAPI(Dictionary<string, string> displayAndColumnName, TCollection tlist,string exportFileName)
{
var file = ExcelStream(displayAndColumnName, tlist);
HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK);
result.Content = new StreamContent(file);
result.Content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/vnd.ms-excel");
result.Content.Headers.ContentDisposition = new ContentDispositionHeaderValue("attachment");
result.Content.Headers.ContentDisposition.FileName = exportFileName+".xls";
return result;
}

B-1：EXCEL数据导入--C#获取数据：

public class ExcelHelp
{
//获取http请求Request对象
public static HttpRequest baseRequest = HttpContext.Current.Request;
//获取http请求Response对象
public static HttpResponse baseResponse = HttpContext.Current.Response;
/// <summary>
/// 获取Post请求EXCEL文件数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileFormName">EXCEL的表单名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataTable GetExcelData(string fileFormName)
{
//获取Post请求--表单文件的文件名
string uploadFileName = baseRequest.Files[fileFormName].FileName;
//上传文件到指定目录（项目根目录/Resources/uploadFileName）--可根据项目文件目录进行调整
string path = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Resources/" + uploadFileName);
baseRequest.Files[fileFormName].SaveAs(path);

DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
DataSet dataSet = new DataSet();
//解析文件数据，并存入服务器
//备注： "HDR=yes;"是说Excel文件的第一行是列名而不是数据，"HDR=No;"正好与前面的相反。
//"IMEX=1 "如果列中的数据类型不一致，使用"IMEX=1"可必免数据类型冲突。
string strConn = string.Format("Provider = Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0; Data Source = {0}; Extended Properties = 'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1';", path);
OleDbDataAdapter oada = new OleDbDataAdapter("select * from [Sheet1$]", strConn);
oada.Fill(dataSet);

if (dataSet.Tables.Count > 0)
{
dataTable = dataSet.Tables[0];
}
if (System.IO.File.Exists(path))
{
//如果存在则删除
System.IO.File.Delete(path);
}
return dataTable;
}
}

B-2--EXCEL数据导入--NPOI--C#获取数据：

说明：以下方法借助第三方插件：NPOI专门处理EXCEL等办公文档的类库，因此项目中需引用该插件，NuGet--所有NPOI即可安装。

NPOI百度百科

public HSSFWorkbook GetExcelDataByNPOI(string fileFormName)
{
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

//获取Post提交的EXCEL文件
HttpPostedFile postFile = baseRequest.Files[fileFormName];
string uploadFileName = postFile.FileName;
//设置Excel临时保存路径（路径可修改，可作为参数传入）
string path = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Resources/" + uploadFileName);
postFile.SaveAs(path);
System.IO.File.Delete(path);

//文件流
using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(stream);

ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);
//Execel第一行是标题，不是要导入数据库的数据
//for (int i = 1; i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++)
//{
//    IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);

//    //获取行的文本内容
//    string UserName = row.GetCell(0).StringCellValue;
//    //获取行的时间内容
//    DateTime time = row.GetCell(4).DateCellValue;
//    //获取行的数字内容
//    double num = row.GetCell(3).NumericCellValue;
//    //获取行的bool内容
//    bool b = row.GetCell(3).BooleanCellValue;
//}
}
return workbook;
}
#endregion

备注： 使用C#创建EXCEL，暂未研究，以后有空再做补充。

在编写本博客时，查阅了下面帮助博客：导入excel错误：外部表不是预期的格式 解决方案