JAVA UUID 生成

UUID介绍：

　　GUID是一个128位长的数字，一般用16进制表示。算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随即数来生成GUID。从理论上讲，如果一台机器每秒产生10000000个GUID，则可以保证（概率意义上）3240年不重复。

　　UUID是1.5中新增的一个类，在java.util下，用它可以产生一个号称全球唯一的ID。

　　生成UUID的网站：http://www.uuid.online/

简单示例：

package com.test;

import java.util.UUID;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
System.out.println(uuid);
}
}

控制台输出结果：





概念详解：

　　UUID(Universally Unique Identifier)全局唯一标识符,是指在一台机器上生成的数字，它保证对在同一时空中的所有机器都是唯一的。

　　按照开放软件基金会(OSF)制定的标准计算，用到了以太网卡地址、纳秒级时间、芯片ID码和许多可能的数字。

　　由以下几部分的组合：

　　　　1.当前日期和时间(UUID的第一个部分与时间有关，如果你在生成一个UUID之后，过几秒又生成一个UUID，则第一个部分不同，其余相同)

　　　　2.时钟序列

　　　　3.全局唯一的IEEE机器识别号（如果有网卡，从网卡获得，没有网卡以其他方式获得）

　　UUID的唯一缺陷在于生成的结果串会比较长。

下面就是实现为数据库获取一个唯一的主键ID的代码：

package com.utils;

import java.util.UUID;

public class UUIDGenerator {
/**
* 获得一个去掉“-”符号的UUID
* @return String UUID
*/
public static String getUUID(){
String s = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
//去掉“-”符号
return s.substring(0,8)+s.substring(9,13)+s.substring(14,18)+s.substring(19,23)+s.substring(24);
}

/**
* 获得指定数目去掉“-”符号的UUID
* @param number int 需要获得的UUID数量
* @return String[] UUID数组
*/
public static String[] getUUID(int number){
if(number < 1){
return null;
}
String[] ss = new String[number];
for(int i=0;i<number;i++){
ss[i] = getUUID();
}
return ss;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] uuids = getUUID(10);
for(int i=0;i<uuids.length;i++){
System.out.println(uuids[i]);
}
}
}

main方法输出结果：

GUID:

package com.utils;

/**
* @author Administrator
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Random;

public class RandomGUID extends Object {
protected final org.apache.commons.logging.Log logger = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
.getLog(getClass());

public String valueBeforeMD5 = "";
public String valueAfterMD5 = "";
private static Random myRand;
private static SecureRandom mySecureRand;

private static String s_id;
private static final int PAD_BELOW = 0x10;
private static final int TWO_BYTES = 0xFF;

/*
* Static block to take care of one time secureRandom seed.
* It takes a few seconds to initialize SecureRandom.  You might
* want to consider removing this static block or replacing
* it with a "time since first loaded" seed to reduce this time.
* This block will run only once per JVM instance.
*/
static {
mySecureRand = new SecureRandom();
long secureInitializer = mySecureRand.nextLong();
myRand = new Random(secureInitializer);
try {
s_id = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}

/*
* Default constructor.  With no specification of security option,
* this constructor defaults to lower security, high performance.
*/
public RandomGUID() {
getRandomGUID(false);
}

/*
* Constructor with security option.  Setting secure true
* enables each random number generated to be cryptographically
* strong.  Secure false defaults to the standard Random function seeded
* with a single cryptographically strong random number.
*/
public RandomGUID(boolean secure) {
getRandomGUID(secure);
}

/*
* Method to generate the random GUID
*/
private void getRandomGUID(boolean secure) {
MessageDigest md5 = null;
StringBuffer sbValueBeforeMD5 = new StringBuffer(128);

try {
md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
logger.error("Error: " + e);
}

try {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
long rand = 0;

if (secure) {
rand = mySecureRand.nextLong();
} else {
rand = myRand.nextLong();
}
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(s_id);
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(time));
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(rand));

valueBeforeMD5 = sbValueBeforeMD5.toString();
md5.update(valueBeforeMD5.getBytes());

byte[] array = md5.digest();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32);
for (int j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) {
int b = array[j] & TWO_BYTES;
if (b < PAD_BELOW)
sb.append('0');
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b));
}

valueAfterMD5 = sb.toString();

} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Error:" + e);
}
}

/*
* Convert to the standard format for GUID
* (Useful for SQL Server UniqueIdentifiers, etc.)
* Example: C2FEEEAC-CFCD-11D1-8B05-00600806D9B6
*/
public String toString() {
String raw = valueAfterMD5.toUpperCase();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
sb.append(raw.substring(0, 8));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(8, 12));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(12, 16));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(16, 20));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(20));

return sb.toString();
}

// Demonstraton and self test of class
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i=0; i< 1; i++) {
RandomGUID myGUID = new RandomGUID();
System.out.println("Seeding String:\t" + myGUID.valueBeforeMD5);
System.out.println("rawGUID:\t" + myGUID.valueAfterMD5);
System.out.println("RandomGUID:\t" + myGUID.toString());
}
}

}

main方法输出结果：





参考自：http://www.cnblogs.com/jdonson/archive/2009/07/22/1528466.html