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Http与HttpClient（已被废弃）通信的介绍，附带一个Http发送GET请求工具类的例子

2016-11-23 20:34 645 查看

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所谓通信便有发送和接受两种形式，在代码的表现则是POST和GET

以下的URL是笔者随写的，读者根据实际开发进行修改，仅供参考！

*Http的GET请求，得到数据*

第一种方式，开启线程请求数据

package com.example.getposthttp;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts.Data;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class GetDemo extends Activity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_read).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
}
});
}

private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
// 开启线程来发起网络请求
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
/**
* HttpURLConnection代表应用程序和 URL 之间的通信链接。 此类的实例可用于读取和写入此 URL
* 引用的资源
*/
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
// 表示到 URL 所引用的远程对象的连接
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// GET从服务器获取数据
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置一个指定的超时值（以毫秒为单位），该值将在打开到此 URLConnection
// 引用的资源的通信链接时使用。
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
// 返回读入超时设置
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
// 得到输入流对象
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
// 下面对获取到的输入流进行读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder respone = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
respone.append(line);
}
System.out.println(respone.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}

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第二种方式，使用异步请求数据

package com.example.getposthttp;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts.Data;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class GetDemo extends Activity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_read).setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
new AsyncTask<String, Void, Void>() {

@Override
protected Void doInBackground(String... params) {
try {
URL url = new URL(params[0]);

try {
URLConnection connection = url
.openConnection();

InputStream is = connection
.getInputStream();

InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(
is, "uft-8");

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
isr);

String line;

while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);

}
br.close();
isr.close();
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}.execute("http://fanyi.youdao.com/openapi.do?keyfrom=YouDaoXY&key=659600044&type=data&doctype=json&version=1.1&q=good");
}
});
}
}

*Http的Post请求，发送数据*

第一种方式：开启线程

package com.example.getposthttp;

import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts.Data;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class GetDemo extends Activity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_read).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
}
});
}

private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection()
{
//开启线程来发起网络请求
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
/**
* HttpURLConnection代表应用程序和 URL 之间的通信链接。
* 此类的实例可用于读取和写入此 URL 引用的资源
*/
HttpURLConnection connection=null;
try {
URL url=new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
//表示到 URL 所引用的远程对象的连接
connection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//POST提交数据给服务器
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
//得到输出流
DataOutputStream out=new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
//发送数据
out.writeBytes("");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}

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第二种方式：使用异步

package com.example.getposthttp;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

public class PostDemo extends Activity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_read).setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
new AsyncTask<String, Void, Void>() {

@Override
protected Void doInBackground(String... params) {
try {
URL url = new URL(params[0]);

try {
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
//  将此 URLConnection 的 doInput 字段的值设置为指定的值
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 将此 URLConnection 的 doOutput 字段的值设置为指定的值。
connection.setDoOutput(true);
//得到输出流
OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream());

BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(osw);

bw.write("?keyfrom=YouDaoXY&key=659600044&type=data&doctype=json&version=1.1&q=good");

bw.flush();

InputStream is = connection
.getInputStream();

InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(
is, "uft-8");

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
isr);

String line;

while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);

}
br.close();
isr.close();
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}.execute("http://fanyi.youdao.com/openapi.do");
}
});
}
}

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HttpClient的GET请求

public void sendRequestWithHttpClient()
{
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
try {
//获取HttpClient实例，HttpClient是一个接口
HttpClient httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient();
//HttpGet表示发送get请求
HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
//发送Get请求
HttpResponse httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//如果状态码=200
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200) {
//请求和响应都成功了，得到请求实体数据
HttpResponse entity=(HttpResponse) httpResponse.getEntity();
//转换成String类型
String respones=EntityUtils.toString((HttpEntity) entity,"UTF-8");
text.setText(respones);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
});
}

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*HttpClient的Post请求*

private void ReceiverResponeWithHttpClient()
{
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
try {
//获取HttpClient实例，HttpClient是一个接口
HttpClient httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient();
//HttpGPost表示发送Post请求
HttpPost httpPost=new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");
//NameValuePair将某一名称与一个属性为 IDL struct 的值关联，并在 DynStruct API 中使用。
//简单点的意思就是键值对的意思，前面是键，后面是值
List<NameValuePair> params=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
//以键值对的形式添加
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "adaim"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
//UrlEncodedFormEntity这个类是用来把输入的数据编码成合适的数据
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity=new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"uft-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpPost);

} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
});
}

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到这里Http与HttpClient已经介绍完了

由于一个项目可能很多地方会用到GET和POST请求，我们不可能每次都去重复写一次，所以我们一般会去写个工具类，下面是我写的一个Http发送GET请求工具类的例子，希望读者能够举一反三，下面用到了回调机制，回调机制的用法及其作用读者可以自行研究一下，这里就不介绍了。

首先定义一个回调接口

package com.example.getposthttp;

public interface HttpCallBackListener {

void onFinish(String respones);
void onError(Exception e);
}

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package com.example.getposthttp;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
* 回调机制
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class HttpUtil {

private static void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection(final String address,
final HttpCallBackListener listener) {
// 开启线程来发起网络请求
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(address);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

// GET从服务器获取数据
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
// 下面对获取到的输入流进行读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder respone = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
respone.append(line);
}
if (listener!=null) {
//回调onFinish方法
listener.onFinish(respone.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (listener!=null) {
//回调onError方法
listener.onError(e);
}
}finally{
if (connection!=null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}).start();
}
}

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*谢谢观看，欢迎转载*

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