AngularJS自定义插件实现网站用户引导功能示例
2016-11-07 09:02
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本文实例讲述了AngularJS自定义插件实现网站用户引导功能。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
最近由于项目进行了较大的改版，为了让用户能够适应这次新的改版，因此在系统中引入了“用户引导”功能，对于初次进入系统的用户一些简单的使用培训training。对于大多数网站来说，这是一个很常见的功能。所以在开发这个任务之前，博主尝试将其抽象化，独立于现有系统的业务逻辑，将其封装为一个通用的插件，使得代码更容易扩展和维护。
无图无真相，先上图：
关于这款trainning插件的使用很简单，它采用了类似Angular路由一样的配置，只需要简单的配置其每一步training信息。
title：step的标题信息；
template/templateUrl: step的内容模板信息。这类可以配置html元素，或者是模板的url地址，同时templateUrl也支持Angular route一样的function语法；
controller: step的控制器配置；在controller中可注入如下参数：当前step – currentStep、所有step的配置 – trainnings、当前step的配置 – currentTrainning、以及下一步的操作回调 – trainningInstance（其中nextStep：为下一步的回调，cancel为取消用户引导回调）；
controllerAs: controller的别名；
resolve：在controller初始化前的数据配置，同Angular路由中的resolve；
locals：本地变量，和resolve相似，可以传递到controller中。区别之处在于它不支持function调用，对于常量书写会比resolve更方便；
placement: step容器上三角箭头的显示方位，
position: step容器的具体显示位置，这是一个绝对坐标；可以传递{left: 100, top: 100}的绝对坐标，也可以是#stepPanelHost配置相对于此元素的placement位置。同时它也支持自定义function和注入Angular的其他组件语法。并且默认可注入：所有step配置 – trainnings,当前步骤 – step，当前step的配置 – currentTrainning，以及step容器节点 – stepPanel；
backdrop：是否需要显示遮罩层，默认显示，除非显示声明为false配置，则不会显示遮罩层；
stepClass：每一个step容器的样式信息；
backdropClass： 每一个遮罩层的样式信息。
了解了这些配置后，并根据特定需求定制化整个用户引导的配置信息后，我们就可以使用trainningService的trainning方法来在特定实际启动用户引导，传入参数为每一步step的配置信息。并可以注册其done或者cancel事件：
trainningService.trainning(trainningCourses.courses)
.done(function() {
vm.isDone = true;
});
下面是一个演示的配置信息：
.constant('trainningCourses', {
courses: [{
title: 'Step 1:',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
placement: 'left',
position: '#blogControl'
},{
title: 'Step 3:',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
placement: 'top',
position: {
top: 200,
left: 100
}
},
...
{
stepClass: 'last-step',
backdropClass: 'last-backdrop',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content-done.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
position: ['$window', 'stepPanel', function($window, stepPanel) {
// 自定义函数，使其屏幕居中
var win = angular.element($window);
return {
top: (win.height() - stepPanel.height()) / 2,
left: (win.width() - stepPanel.width()) / 2
}
}]
}]
})
本文插件源码和演示效果唯一codepen上，效果图如下：
在trainning插件的源码设计中，包含如下几个要点：
提供service api。因为关于trainning这个插件，它是一个全局的插件，正好在Angular中所有的service也是单例的，所以将用户引导逻辑封装到Angular的service中是一个不错的设计。但对于trainning的每一步展示内容信息则是DOM操作，在Angular的处理中它不该存在于service中，最佳的方式是应该把他封装到Directive中。所以这里采用Directive的定义，并在service中compile，然后append到body中。
对于每一个这类独立的插件应该封装一个独立的scope，这样便于在后续的销毁，以及不会与现有的scope变量的冲突。
$q对延时触发的结果包装。对于像该trainning插件或者modal这类操作结果采用promise的封装，是一个不错的选择。它取代了回调参数的复杂性，并以流畅API的方式展现，更利于代码的可读性。同时也能与其他Angular service统一返回API。
对于controller、controllerAs、resolve、template、templateUrl这类类似路由的处理代码，完全可以移到到你的同类插件中去。它们可以增加插件的更多定制化扩展。关于这部分代码的解释，博主将会在后续文章中为大家推送。
利用$injector.invoke动态注入和调用Angular service，这样既能获取Angular其他service注入的扩展性，也能获取到函数的动态性。如上例中的屏幕居中的自定义扩展方式。
这类设计要点，同样可以运用到想modal、alert、overload这类全局插件中。有兴趣的读者，你可以在博主的codepen笔记中阅读这段代码http://codepen.io/greengerong/pen/pjwXQW#0。
上述代码摘录如下：
HTML：
<div ng-app="com.github.greengerong" ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
<div class="alert alert-success fade in" ng-if='demo.isDone'>
<strong>All trainning setps done!</strong>
</div>
<button id="startAgain" class="btn btn-primary start-again" ng-click="demo.trainning()">You can start trainning again</button>
<div class="blog">
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputAmount">Blog :</label>
<div class="input-group">
<input id="blogControl" type="text" class="form-control" />
</div>
</div>
<button id="submitBlog" class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="demo.backdrop()">Public blog</button>
</form>
</div>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="modal-backdrop.html">
<div class="modal-backdrop fade in {{backdropClass}}" ng-style="{'z-index': zIndex || 1040}"></div>
</script>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="trainning-step.html">
<div class="trainning-step">
<div style="display:block; z-index:1080;left:-1000px;top:-1000px;" ng-style="positionStyle" class="step-panel {{currentTrainning.placement}} fade popover in {{currentTrainning.stepClass}}" ng-show="!isProgressing">
<div class="arrow"></div>
<div class="popover-inner">
<h3 class="popover-title" ng-if='currentTrainning.title'>{{currentTrainning.title}}</h3>
<div class="popover-content">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ui-backdrop backdrop-class="currentTrainning.backdropClass" ng-if="currentTrainning.backdrop !== false"></ui-backdrop>
</div>
</script>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="trainning-content.html">
<div class="step-content">
<div>{{ stepPanel.texts[stepPanel.currentStep - 1]}}</div>
<div class="next-step">
<ul class="step-progressing">
<li data-ng-repeat="item in stepPanel.trainnings.length | range"
data-ng-class="{active: stepPanel.currentStep == item}">
</li>
</ul>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-next pull-right" ng-click="stepPanel.trainningInstance.nextStep({$event:$event, step:step});">Next</button>
</div>
</div>
</script>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="trainning-content-done.html">
<div class="step-content">
<div>
{{ stepPanel.texts[stepPanel.currentStep - 1]}}
</div>
<div class="next-step">
<ul class="step-progressing">
<li data-ng-repeat="item in stepPanel.trainnings.length | range"
data-ng-class="{active: stepPanel.currentStep == item}">
</li>
</ul>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link pull-right" ng-click="nextStep({$event:$event, step:step});">Got it</button>
</div>
</div>
</script>
</div>
CSS：
.last-step{
/* background-color: blue;*/
}
.last-backdrop{
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.blog{
position: absolute;
left: 300px;
top: 100px;
}
.start-again{
position: absolute;
left: 400px;
top: 250px;
}
.next-step {
.step-progressing {
margin: 10px 0px;
display: inline-block;
li {
margin-right: 5px;
border: 1px solid #fff;
background-color: #6E6E6E;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
border-radius: 50%;
display: inline-block;
&.active {
background-color: #0000FF;
}
}
}
}
JS：
//Please set step content to fixed width when complex content or dynamic loading.
angular.module('com.github.greengerong.backdrop', [])
.directive('uiBackdrop', ['$document', function($document) {
return {
restrict: 'EA',
replace: true,
templateUrl: 'modal-backdrop.html',
scope: {
backdropClass: '=',
zIndex: '='
}
/* ,link: function(){
$document.bind('keydown', function(evt){
evt.preventDefault();
evt.stopPropagation();
});
scope.$on('$destroy', function(){
$document.unbind('keydown');
});
}*/
};
}])
.service('modalBackdropService', ['$rootScope', '$compile', '$document', function($rootScope, $compile, $document) {
var self = this;
self.backdrop = function(backdropClass, zIndex) {
var $backdrop = angular.element('<ui-backdrop></ui-backdrop>')
.attr({
'backdrop-class': 'backdropClass',
'z-index': 'zIndex'
});
var backdropScope = $rootScope.$new(true);
backdropScope.backdropClass = backdropClass;
backdropScope.zIndex = zIndex;
$document.find('body').append($compile($backdrop)(backdropScope));
return function() {
$backdrop.remove();
backdropScope.$destroy();
};
};
}]);
angular.module('com.github.greengerong.trainning', ['com.github.greengerong.backdrop', 'ui.bootstrap'])
.directive('trainningStep', ['$timeout', '$http', '$templateCache', '$compile', '$position', '$injector', '$window', '$q', '$controller', function($timeout, $http, $templateCache, $compile, $position, $injector, $window, $q, $controller) {
return {
restrict: 'EA',
replace: true,
templateUrl: 'trainning-step.html',
scope: {
step: '=',
trainnings: '=',
nextStep: '&',
cancel: '&'
},
link: function(stepPanelScope, elm) {
var stepPanel = elm.find('.step-panel');
stepPanelScope.$watch('step', function(step) {
if (!step) {
return;
}
stepPanelScope.currentTrainning = stepPanelScope.trainnings[stepPanelScope.step - 1];
var contentScope = stepPanelScope.$new(false);
loadStepContent(contentScope, {
'currentStep': stepPanelScope.step,
'trainnings': stepPanelScope.trainnings,
'currentTrainning': stepPanelScope.currentTrainning,
'trainningInstance': {
'nextStep': stepPanelScope.nextStep,
'cancel': stepPanelScope.cancel
}
}).then(function(tplAndVars) {
elm.find('.popover-content').html($compile(tplAndVars[0])(contentScope));
}).then(function() {
var pos = stepPanelScope.currentTrainning.position;
adjustPosition(stepPanelScope, stepPanel, pos);
});
});
angular.element($window).bind('resize', function() {
adjustPosition(stepPanelScope, stepPanel, stepPanelScope.currentTrainning.position);
});
stepPanelScope.$on('$destroy', function() {
angular.element($window).unbind('resize');
});
function getPositionOnElement(stepScope, setpPos) {
return $position.positionElements(angular.element(setpPos), stepPanel, stepScope.currentTrainning.placement, true);
}
function positionOnElement(stepScope, setpPos) {
var targetPos = angular.isString(setpPos) ? getPositionOnElement(stepScope, setpPos) : setpPos;
var positionStyle = stepScope.currentTrainning || {};
positionStyle.top = targetPos.top + 'px';
positionStyle.left = targetPos.left + 'px';
stepScope.positionStyle = positionStyle;
}
function adjustPosition(stepScope, stepPanel, pos) {
if (!pos) {
return;
}
var setpPos = angular.isFunction(pos) || angular.isArray(pos) ? $injector.invoke(pos, null, {
trainnings: stepScope.trainnings,
step: stepScope.setp,
currentTrainning: stepScope.currentTrainning,
stepPanel: stepPanel
}) : pos;
//get postion should wait for content setup
$timeout(function() {
positionOnElement(stepScope, setpPos);
});
}
function loadStepContent(contentScope, ctrlLocals) {
var trainningOptions = contentScope.currentTrainning,
getTemplatePromise = function(options) {
return options.template ? $q.when(options.template) :
$http.get(angular.isFunction(options.templateUrl) ? (options.templateUrl)() : options.templateUrl, {
cache: $templateCache
}).then(function(result) {
return result.data;
});
},
getResolvePromises = function(resolves) {
var promisesArr = [];
angular.forEach(resolves, function(value) {
if (angular.isFunction(value) || angular.isArray(value)) {
promisesArr.push($q.when($injector.invoke(value)));
}
});
return promisesArr;
},
controllerLoader = function(trainningOptions, trainningScope, ctrlLocals, tplAndVars) {
var ctrlInstance;
ctrlLocals = angular.extend({}, ctrlLocals || {}, trainningOptions.locals || {});
var resolveIter = 1;
if (trainningOptions.controller) {
ctrlLocals.$scope = trainningScope;
angular.forEach(trainningOptions.resolve, function(value, key) {
ctrlLocals[key] = tplAndVars[resolveIter++];
});
ctrlInstance = $controller(trainningOptions.controller, ctrlLocals);
if (trainningOptions.controllerAs) {
trainningScope[trainningOptions.controllerAs] = ctrlInstance;
}
}
return trainningScope;
};
var templateAndResolvePromise = $q.all([getTemplatePromise(trainningOptions)].concat(getResolvePromises(trainningOptions.resolve || {})));
return templateAndResolvePromise.then(function resolveSuccess(tplAndVars) {
controllerLoader(trainningOptions, contentScope, ctrlLocals, tplAndVars);
return tplAndVars;
});
}
}
};
}])
.service('trainningService', ['$compile', '$rootScope', '$document', '$q', function($compile, $rootScope, $document, $q) {
var self = this;
self.trainning = function(trainnings) {
var trainningScope = $rootScope.$new(true),
defer = $q.defer(),
$stepElm = angular.element('<trainning-step></trainning-step>')
.attr({
'step': 'step',
'trainnings': 'trainnings',
'next-step': 'nextStep($event, step);',
'cancel': 'cancel($event, step)'
}),
destroyTrainningPanel = function(){
if (trainningScope) {
$stepElm.remove();
trainningScope.$destroy();
}
};
trainningScope.cancel = function($event, step){
defer.reject('cancel');
};
trainningScope.nextStep = function($event, step) {
if (trainningScope.step === trainnings.length) {
destroyTrainningPanel();
return defer.resolve('done');
}
trainningScope.step++;
};
trainningScope.trainnings = trainnings;
trainningScope.step = 1;
$document.find('body').append($compile($stepElm)(trainningScope));
trainningScope.$on('$locationChangeStart', destroyTrainningPanel);
return {
done: function(func) {
defer.promise.then(func);
return this;
},
cancel: function(func) {
defer.promise.then(null, func);
return this;
}
};
};
}]);
angular.module('com.github.greengerong', ['com.github.greengerong.trainning'])
.filter('range', [function () {
return function (len) {
return _.range(1, len + 1);
};
}])
.controller('StepPanelController', ['currentStep', 'trainnings', 'trainningInstance', 'trainnings', function(currentStep, trainnings, trainningInstance, trainnings) {
var vm = this;
vm.currentStep = currentStep;
vm.trainningInstance = trainningInstance;
vm.trainnings = trainnings;
vm.texts = ['Write your own sort blog.', 'Click button to public your blog.', 'View your blog info on there.', 'Click this button, you can restart this trainning when .', 'All trainnings done!'];
return vm;
}])
.constant('trainningCourses', {
courses: [{
title: 'Step 1:',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
placement: 'left',
position: '#blogControl'
}, {
title: 'Step 2:',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
placement: 'right',
backdrop: false,
position: '#submitBlog'
}, {
title: 'Step 3:',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
placement: 'top',
position: {
top: 200,
left: 100
}
}, {
title: 'Step 4:',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
placement: 'bottom',
position: '#startAgain'
}, {
stepClass: 'last-step',
backdropClass: 'last-backdrop',
templateUrl: 'trainning-content-done.html',
controller: 'StepPanelController',
controllerAs: 'stepPanel',
position: ['$window', 'stepPanel', function($window, stepPanel) {
var win = angular.element($window);
return {
top: (win.height() - stepPanel.height()) / 2,
left: (win.width() - stepPanel.width()) / 2
}
}]
}]
})
.controller('DemoController', ['trainningService', 'trainningCourses', 'modalBackdropService', function(trainningService, trainningCourses, modalBackdropService) {
var vm = this;
vm.trainning = function() {
//call this service should wait your really document ready event.trainningService.trainning(trainningCourses.courses)
.done(function() {
vm.isDone = true;
});};
var backdropInstance = angular.noop;
vm.backdrop = function() {
modalBackdropService.backdrop();
};
vm.trainning();
return vm;
}]);
希望本文所述对大家AngularJS程序设计有所帮助。
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