Ubuntu下切换多个JDK环境

安装Ubuntu时，默认安装了OpenJDK_1.7
$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.6) (7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.12.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

现在需要安装JDK_1.6
安装在/opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45
/opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45# ls
bin db jre LICENSE README.html THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
COPYRIGHT include lib man src.zip

加上环境变量
用户环境变量：~/.bashrc中增加行
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export USE_CCACHE=1

系统环境变量：/etc/profile中增加行
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export USE_CCACHE=1

通过update-alternatives切换软件版本
增加JDK_1.6的命令连接符，使用--install选项
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java 1062
如需移除，--remove选项
$ sudo update-alternatives --remove /usr/bin/java java /opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java 1062
创建默认命令链接 --config
$ sudo update-alternatives --config java
There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java 1062 auto mode
1 /opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java 1062 manual mode
2 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java 1051 manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:0

同理Python也可以这样切换

2017-6-16新增
更为详细的英文引用mark如下：
Use Oracle Java JDK, by following the steps below:Visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/java-archive-downloads-javase6-419409.html

Accept the license agreement

Download jdk-6uXX-linux-x64.bin (where XX is the latest minor version)

If you don't have an Oracle account and don't want to create one, you can have a look at http://bugmenot.com/view/oracle.com

Here is how to configure Oracle Java JDK to be the default on Ubuntu:

cd /usr/lib/jvm && sudo /bin/sh ~/Downloads/jdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin -noregister

Note: You might get /bin/sh: jdk-6u43-linux-x64.bin: Permission denied error. This happens because root does not permissions to read the ~/Downloads folder.Option 1: Temporarily change the permissions of ~/Downloads folder for root to have read permission.

chmod 755 ~/Downloads/

Don’t forget to change it back once you are done!Option 2: Copy the downloaded file to /usr/lib/jvm and do

sudo /bin/sh jdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin -noregister

In either case, then set it as default.

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/javac 50000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/java 50000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javaws javaws /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/javaws 50000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/javap 50000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/jar 50000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jarsigner jarsigner /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/jarsigner 50000
sudo update-alternatives --config javac
sudo update-alternatives --config java
sudo update-alternatives --config javaws
sudo update-alternatives --config javap
sudo update-alternatives --config jar
sudo update-alternatives --config jarsigner

Also make sure /usr/bin/java is first in your $PATH. i.e.

which java

should return /usr/bin/java.