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为什么在Spring的配置文件里,最好不要配置xsd文件的版本号

2016-09-30 14:49 537 查看


http://blog.csdn.net/hengyunabc/article/details/22295749?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral


为什么dubbo启动没有问题?

这篇blog源于一个疑问:

我们公司使了阿里的dubbo,但是阿里的开源网站http://code.alibabatech.com,挂掉有好几个月了,为什么我们的应用启动没有问题?

我们的应用的Spring配置文件里有类似的配置:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
            http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo  
            http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">  



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">[/code]我们都知道Spring在启动时是要检验XML文件的。或者为什么在Eclipse里xml没有错误提示? 
比如这样的一个Spring配置:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">  
</beans>  



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> </beans>
我们也可以在后面加上版本号:

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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">  



xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">[/code]有这个版本号和没有有什么区别呢? 

XML的一些概念

首先来看下xml的一些概念:

xml的schema里有namespace,可以给它起个别名。比如常见的spring的namespace:

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xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  



xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
通常情况下,namespace对应的URI是一个存放XSD的地址,尽管规范没有这么要求。如果没有提供schemaLocation,那么Spring的XML解析器会从namespace的URI里加载XSD文件。我们可以把配置文件改成这个样子,也是可以正常工作的:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">  



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
schemaLocation提供了一个xml namespace到对应的XSD文件的一个映射,所以我们可以看到,在xsi:schemaLocation后面配置的字符串都是成对的,前面的是namespace的URI,后面是xsd文件的URI。比如:

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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/security   http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd"  


xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd"[/code] 

Spring是如何校验XML的

Spring默认在启动时是要加载XSD文件来验证xml文件的,所以如果有的时候断网了,或者一些开源软件切换域名,那么就很容易碰到应用启动不了。我记得当时Oracle收购Sun公司时,遇到过这个情况。

为了防止这种情况,Spring提供了一种机制,默认从本地加载XSD文件。打开spring-context-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar,可以看到里面有两个特别的文件:

spring.handlers

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http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context=org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee=org.springframework.ejb.config.JeeNamespaceHandler  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang=org.springframework.scripting.config.LangNamespaceHandler  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task=org.springframework.scheduling.config.TaskNamespaceHandler  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache=org.springframework.cache.config.CacheNamespaceHandler  



http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context=org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee=org.springframework.ejb.config.JeeNamespaceHandler
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang=org.springframework.scripting.config.LangNamespaceHandler
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task=org.springframework.scheduling.config.TaskNamespaceHandler
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache=org.springframework.cache.config.CacheNamespaceHandler


spring.schemas

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http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
...  



http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
...


再打开jar包里的org/springframework/context/config/ 目录,可以看到下面有
spring-context-2.5.xsd

spring-context-3.0.xsd

spring-context-3.1.xsd

spring-context-3.2.xsd

很明显,可以想到Spring是把XSD文件放到本地了,再在spring.schemas里做了一个映射,优先从本地里加载XSD文件。

并且Spring很贴心,把旧版本的XSD文件也全放了。这样可以防止升级了Spring版本,而配置文件里用的还是旧版本的XSD文件,然后断网了,应用启动不了。

我们还可以看到,在没有配置版本号时,用的就是当前版本的XSD文件:

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http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd  



http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
同样,我们打开dubbo的jar包,可以在它的spring.schemas文件里看到有这样的配置:

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http\://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd=META-INF/dubbo.xsd  



http\://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd=META-INF/dubbo.xsd
所以,Spring在加载dubbo时,会从dubbo的jar里加载dubbo.xsd。

如何跳过Spring的XML校验?

可以用这样的方式来跳过校验:

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GenericXmlApplicationContext context = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();  
context.setValidating(false);  



GenericXmlApplicationContext context = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();
context.setValidating(false);

如何写一个自己的spring xml namespace扩展

可以参考Spring的文档,实际上是相当简单的。只要实现自己的NamespaceHandler,再配置一下spring.handlers和spring.schemas就可以了。
http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/extensible-xml.html

其它的一些东东

防止XSD加载不成功的一个思路

http://hellojava.info/?p=135

齐全的Spring的namespace的列表

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11174286/spring-xml-namespaces-how-do-i-find-what-are-the-implementing-classes-behind-t

Spring core

aop
 - 
AopNamespaceHandler


c
 - 
SimpleConstructorNamespaceHandler


cache
 - 
CacheNamespaceHandler


context
 - 
ContextNamespaceHandler


jdbc
 - 
JdbcNamespaceHandler


jee
 - 
JeeNamespaceHandler


jms
 - 
JmsNamespaceHandler


lang
 - 
LangNamespaceHandler


mvc
 - 
MvcNamespaceHandler


oxm
 - 
OxmNamespaceHandler


p
 - 
SimplePropertyNamespaceHandler


task
 - 
TaskNamespaceHandler


tx
 - 
TxNamespaceHandler


util
 - 
UtilNamespaceHandler

Spring Security

security
 - 
SecurityNamespaceHandler


oauth
 - 
OAuthSecurityNamespaceHandler

Spring integration

int
 - 
IntegrationNamespaceHandler


amqp
 - 
AmqpNamespaceHandler


event
 - 
EventNamespaceHandler


feed
 - 
FeedNamespaceHandler


file
 - 
FileNamespaceHandler


ftp
 - 
FtpNamespaceHandler


gemfire
 - 
GemfireIntegrationNamespaceHandler


groovy
 - 
GroovyNamespaceHandler


http
 - 
HttpNamespaceHandler


ip
 - 
IpNamespaceHandler


jdbc
 - 
JdbcNamespaceHandler


jms
 - 
JmsNamespaceHandler


jmx
 - 
JmxNamespaceHandler


mail
 - 
MailNamespaceHandler


redis
 - 
RedisNamespaceHandler


rmi
 - 
RmiNamespaceHandler


script
 - 
ScriptNamespaceHandler


security
 - 
IntegrationSecurityNamespaceHandler


sftp
 - 
SftpNamespaceHandler


stream
 - 
StreamNamespaceHandler


twitter
 - 
TwitterNamespaceHandler


ws
 - 
WsNamespaceHandler


xml
 - 
IntegrationXmlNamespaceHandler


xmpp
 - 
XmppNamespaceHandler

总结:

为什么不要在Spring的配置里,配置上XSD的版本号?
因为如果没有配置版本号,取的就是当前jar里的XSD文件,减少了各种风险。
而且这样约定大于配置的方式很优雅。

参考:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10768873/spring-di-applicationcontext-xml-how-exactly-is-xsischemalocation-used
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11174286/spring-xml-namespaces-how-do-i-find-what-are-the-implementing-classes-behind-t http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/extensible-xml.html
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标签:  spring xsd