nginx location规则优先级比较

nginx location中可能涉及的匹配规则有

= 精确匹配

^~ 普通字符匹配，区分大小写

~ 正则匹配，区分大小写

/xxx/yyy.zzz 最长匹配

/

本文所用的nginx版本是

[root@node1 nginx]# nginx -v

nginx version: nginx/1.4.3

实验机器ip为192.168.151.70，浏览器为IE8，不保存cookies。依次对上面的五个匹配规则两两进行对比实验。

1.  =  对比 ^~

        location ^~  /images {

                rewrite ^/images http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  = /images {

                rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images
--12:05:53--  http://192.168.151.70/images
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:05:53--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690283 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,283     --.-K/s   in 0.08s  

12:05:54 (8.45 MB/s) - `index.html' saved [690283/690283]

=优先级大于^~

2. = 对比 ~

        location ~  /images {

                rewrite ^/images http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  = /images {

                rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images
--12:05:53--  http://192.168.151.70/images
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:05:53--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690283 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,283     --.-K/s   in 0.08s  

12:05:54 (8.45 MB/s) - `index.html' saved [690283/690283]

=优先级大于~

3. = 对比 /xxx/yyy.zzz

        location   /images/images.jsp {

                rewrite ^/images http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  = /images {

                rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果：

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
--12:10:58--  http://192.168.15 4000
1.70/images/images.jsp

Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:10:58--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690375 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html.1'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,375     --.-K/s   in 0.08s  

12:10:58 (8.55 MB/s) - `index.html.1' saved [690375/690375]

=优先级大于/xxx/yyy.zzz

4. = 对比 /

          location   / {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location   = / {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70
--12:31:09--  http://192.168.151.70/
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:31:09--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.195, 61.172.201.194

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.195|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690538 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html.6'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,538     1.93M/s   in 0.3s   

12:31:09 (1.93 MB/s) - `index.html.6' saved [690538/690538]

=优先级大于 /

5 ^~ 对比 ~

        location  ~ /images {

                rewrite /images http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  ^~ /images {

                rewrite /images http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images
--12:05:53--  http://192.168.151.70/images
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:05:53--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690283 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,283     --.-K/s   in 0.08s  

12:05:54 (8.45 MB/s) - `index.html' saved [690283/690283]

^~优先级大于~

6. ^~ 对比 /xxx/yyy.zz

        location   /images/images.jsp {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  ^~ /images {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
--12:10:58--  http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:10:58--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690375 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html.1'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,375     --.-K/s   in 0.08s  

^~优先级大于/xxx/yyy.zzz

12:10:58 (8.55 MB/s) - `index.html.1' saved [690375/690375]

7.  ~ 对比 /xxx/yyy.zzz

        location   /images/images.jsp {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  ~ /images {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果：

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
--12:19:17--  http://192.168.151.70/images/images.jsp
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:19:17--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.195, 61.172.201.194

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.195|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690441 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html.2'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,441     --.-K/s   in 0.07s  

12:19:17 (9.12 MB/s) - `index.html.2' saved [690441/690441]

~优先级大于/xxx/yyy.zzz

8. ~ 对比 /

        location   / {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;

        }

        location  ~ / {

                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.sina.com.cn permanent;

        }

结果

[root@agent3 tmp]# wget http://192.168.151.70
--12:26:26--  http://192.168.151.70/
Connecting to 192.168.151.70:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.sina.com.cn [following]

--12:26:26--  http://www.sina.com.cn/
Resolving www.sina.com.cn... 61.172.201.194, 61.172.201.195

Connecting to www.sina.com.cn|61.172.201.194|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 690516 (674K) [text/html]

Saving to: `index.html.5'

100%[========================================================================>] 690,516     2.23M/s   in 0.3s   

12:26:27 (2.23 MB/s) - `index.html.5' saved [690516/690516]

~优先级大于/

9.  /xxx/yyy.zzz 对比 /

很明显，/xxx/yyy.zzz优先级大于/

总上所述location规则优先级顺序为

= > ^~ > ~ > /xxx/yyy.zzz > /