iOS学习笔记 地图(二)MapKit框架

一、地图开发介绍

MapKit

MapKit

MapKit

二、MapKit核心类

MapKit

MKMapView

1. 属性：

/* 用户位置跟踪 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL showsUserLocation;/*< 是否在地图上标注用户位置 */
@property (nonatomic, readonly) MKUserLocation *userLocation;/*< 用户位置 */
@property (nonatomic) MKUserTrackingMode userTrackingMode;/*< 用户跟踪类型 */
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, MKUserTrackingMode) {
MKUserTrackingModeNone = 0, /*< 不跟踪 */
MKUserTrackingModeFollow, /*< 跟踪 */
MKUserTrackingModeFollowWithHeading,  /*< 导航跟踪 */
};
/* 设置地图配置项 */
@property (nonatomic) MKMapType mapType;/*< 地图类型 */
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray *annotations;/*< 大头针数组 */
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, MKMapType) {
MKMapTypeStandard = 0,/*< 标准地图 */
MKMapTypeSatellite,/*< 卫星地图 */
MKMapTypeHybrid,/*< 混合模式(标准+卫星) */
MKMapTypeSatelliteFlyover,/*< 3D立体卫星(iOS9.0) */
MKMapTypeHybridFlyover,/*< 3D立体混合(iOS9.0) */
}
/* 设置地图控制项 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL zoomEnabled;/*< 是否可以缩放 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL scrollEnabled;/*< 是否可以滚动 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL rotateEnabled;/*< 是否可以旋转 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL pitchEnabled;/*< 是否显示3D视角 */
/* 设置地图显示项 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL showsBuildings;/*< 是否显示建筑物，只影响标准地图 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL showsTraffic;/*< 是否显示交通，iOS9 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL showsCompass;/*< 是否显示指南针，iOS9 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL showsScale;/*< 是否显示比例尺，iOS9 */

2. 对象方法：

/* 添加大头针 */
- (void)addAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation;
- (void)addAnnotations:(NSArray<id<MKAnnotation>> *)annotations;
/* 删除大头针 */
- (void)removeAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation;
- (void)removeAnnotations:(NSArray<id<MKAnnotation>> *)annotations;
/* 选中大头针与取消选中大头针 */
- (void)selectAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
animated:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)deselectAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
animated:(BOOL)animated;
/* 获取大头针视图 */
- (MKAnnotationView *)viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation;
/* 从缓冲池中取出大头针视图控件 */
- (MKAnnotationView *)dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier;
/* 设置显示区域以及地图中心坐标 */
- (void)setRegion:(MKCoordinateRegion)region
animated:(BOOL)animated;
- (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate
animated:(BOOL)animated;
/* 经纬度坐标转UIKit坐标，UIKit坐标转经纬度坐标 */
- (CGPoint)convertCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate
toPointToView:(UIView *)view;
- (CLLocationCoordinate2D)convertPoint:(CGPoint)point
toCoordinateFromView:(UIView *)view;

3. 常用代理方法

MKMapViewDelegate

：

/* 地图加载完成会调用 */
- (void)mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView;
/* 地图加载失败会调用 */
- (void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error;
/* 用户位置发生改变会调用 */
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation;
/* 显示区域改变会调用 */
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated;
/* 点击选中大头针时会调用 */
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view;
/* 取消选中大头针时会调用 */
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didDeselectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view;
/* 显示地图上的大头针，功能类似于UITableView的tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:方法 */
- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation;

三、MapKit使用

1. 首先添加头文件：

#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

2. 初始化地图展示控件MKMapView

- (void)initMapView{
CGFloat x = 0;
CGFloat y = 20;
CGFloat width = self.view.frame.size.width;
CGFloat height = self.view.frame.size.height;
//创建MKMapView，设置控件视图大小
MKMapView *mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, width, height)];
//设置地图类型
mapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
//设置代理
mapView.delegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:mapView];
self.mapView = mapView;
}

3. 用户位置跟踪

mapView:DidUpdateUserLocation:

mapView:DidUpdateUserLocation:

- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//获取定位服务授权
[self requestUserLocationAuthor];
//初始化MKMapView
[self initMapView];
}
- (void)requestUserLocationAuthor{
//如果没有获得定位授权，获取定位授权请求
self.locationM = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
if ([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] != kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse) {
[self.locationM requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
}
}
}
- (void)initMapView{
CGFloat x = 0;
CGFloat y = 20;
CGFloat width = self.view.frame.size.width;
CGFloat height = self.view.frame.size.height;
//创建MKMapView对象
MKMapView *mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, width, height)];
//设置地图类型
mapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
//设置用户跟踪模式
mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;
mapView.delegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:mapView];
self.mapView = mapView;
}
#pragma mark - MKMapViewDelegate
/* 更新用户位置会调用 */
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation{
CLLocation *location = userLocation.location;
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = location.coordinate;
NSLog(@"经度：%f，纬度：%f",coordinate.latitude,coordinate.longitude);
}

4. 添加大头针

MKAnnotation

NSObject

MKAnnotation

@property (nonatomic) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

@interface LTAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation>
/* 必须创建的属性 */
@property (nonatomic) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
/* 可选的属性 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *subtitle;
/* 自定义的属性 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *icon;
@end

@implementation LTAnnotation
@end

- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//请求定位授权
[self requestUserLocationAuthor];
//初始化MKMapView
[self initMapView];
//添加大头针
[self addAnnotationsToMapView];
}
- (void)addAnnotationsToMapView{
CLLocationCoordinate2D location1 = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(22.54, 114.02);
//创建大头针
LTAnnotation *annotation = [[LTAnnotation alloc] init];
annotation.title = @"执着";
annotation.subtitle = @"执着哥开的店";
annotation.coordinate = location1;
annotation.icon = [UIImage imageNamed:@"red"];
//添加大头针
[self.mapView addAnnotation:annotation1];
}

5. 自定义大头针视图

MKMapView

MKAnnotationView

@property (nonatomic, strong) id<MKAnnotation> annotation;/*< 大头针数据 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;/*< 大头针的图标 */
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString *reuseIdentifier;/*< 大头针的唯一标示 */
@property (nonatomic) CGPoint calloutOffset;/*< 弹出视图的偏移 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL selected;/*< 是否选中 */
@property (nonatomic) BOOL canShowCallout;/*< 是否能点击弹出视图 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *leftCalloutAccessoryView;/*< 弹出视图左边的视图 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *rightCalloutAccessoryView;/*< 弹出视图右边的视图 */

MKAnnotationView

/* 每当大头针显示在可视界面上时，就会调用该方法，用户位置的蓝色点也是个大头针，也会调用 */
- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation
{
if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[LTAnnotation class]]) {
LTAnnotation *annotationLT = (LTAnnotation *)annotation;
//类似于UITableViewCell的重用机制，大头针视图也有重用机制
static NSString *key = @"AnnotationIdentifier";
MKAnnotationView *view = [self.mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:key];
if (!view) {
view = [[MKAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation
reuseIdentifier:key];
}
//设置大头针数据
view.annotation = annotation;
//自定义大头针默认是NO，表示不能弹出视图，这里让大头针可以点击弹出视图
view.canShowCallout = YES;
//设置大头针图标
view.image = annotationLT.icon;
//设置弹出视图的左边视图
UIImage *leftImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"cafeIcon"];
UIImageView *leftView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: leftImage];
leftView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 50);
view.leftCalloutAccessoryView = leftView;
//设置弹出视图的右边视图
UIImage *rightImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"cafeRight"];
UIImageView *rightView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: rightImage];
rightView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 50);
view.rightCalloutAccessoryView = rightView;
return view;
}
//返回nil，表示显示默认样式
return nil;
}

四、扩展--自定义大头针弹出详情视图

mapView:viewForAnnotation:

#pragma mark - 地图控件代理方法
/* 显示大头针时调用，注意方法中的annotation参数是即将显示的大头针对象 */
-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{
//由于当前位置的标注也是一个大头针，所以此时需要判断，此代理方法返回nil使用默认大头针视图
if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[LTAnnotation class]]) {
static NSString *key1 = @"AnnotationKey1";
MKAnnotationView *annotationView = [_mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:key1];
//如果缓存池中不存在则新建
if (!annotationView) {
annotationView = [[MKAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation
reuseIdentifier:key1];
annotationView.canShowCallout = NO;//不允许弹出视图，但可以被选中
}
//重新设置此类大头针视图的大头针模型(因为有可能是从缓存池中取出来的，位置是放到缓存池时的位置)
annotationView.annotation = annotation;
annotationView.image = ((LTAnnotation *)annotation).icon;//设置大头针视图的图片
return annotationView;
}else if([annotation isKindOfClass:[LTCalloutAnnotation class]]){
static NSString *key2 = @"AnnotationCallOutKey2";
MKAnnotationView *calloutView = [_mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:key2];
//如果缓存池中不存在则新建
if (!calloutView) {
calloutView = [[MKAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation
reuseIdentifier:key2];
calloutView.canShowCallout = NO;//不允许弹出视图，但可以被选中
}
//对于作为弹出详情视图的自定义大头针视图无弹出交互功能，在其中可以自由添加其他视图
calloutView.annotation = annotation;
//设置详情大头针的偏移位置
calloutView.centerOffset = CGPointMake(-50, -80);
[self calloutAddSubView:calloutView];
return calloutView;
} else {
return nil;
}
}

#pragma mark 添加弹出视图的子控件，这里我就很随便了，你可以搞得好看点
- (void)calloutAddSubView:(MKAnnotationView *)calloutView
{
//添加背景
UIView *background = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 60)];
background.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
background.layer.borderWidth = 5;
background.layer.borderColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
[calloutView addSubview:background];
//添加图片
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"cafeRight"];
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image];
imageView.frame = CGRectMake(5, 5, 50, 50);
[calloutView addSubview:imageView];
//添加一个红色方块
UIView *subview = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(60, 5, 35, 40)];
subview.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
[calloutView addSubview:subview];
}

#pragma mark 选中大头针时触发
//点击一般的大头针KCAnnotation时添加一个大头针作为所点大头针的弹出详情视图
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view{
if ([view.annotation isKindOfClass:[LTAnnotation class]]) {
LTAnnotation *annotation = view.annotation;
//点击一个大头针时移除其他弹出详情视图
[self removeCalloutAnnotation];
//添加详情大头针
LTCalloutAnnotation *callout = [[LTCalloutAnnotation alloc] init];
callout.icon = annotation.icon;
callout.title = annotation.title;
callout.subtitle = annotation.subtitle;
callout.coordinate = annotation.coordinate;
[self.mapView addAnnotation:callout];
}
}
#pragma mark 取消选中时触发
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didDeselectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view{
[self removeCalloutAnnotation];
}
#pragma mark 移除所用详情大头针
-(void)removeCalloutAnnotation{
[self.mapView.annotations enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj,NSUInteger idx,BOOL *stop){
if ([obj isKindOfClass:[LTCalloutAnnotation class]]) {
[_mapView removeAnnotation:obj];
}
}];
}