六，Java集合类（4）——HashMap实现原理

HashMap 的实现原理

HashMap 概述

HashMap 的数据结构

public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);

// Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
int capacity = 1;
while (capacity < initialCapacity)
capacity <<= 1;

this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
threshold = (int)Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
table = new Entry[capacity];
useAltHashing = sun.misc.VM.isBooted() &&
(capacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);
init();
}

static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final K key;
V value;
Entry<K,V> next;
final int hash;
……
}

HashMap 的核心方法解读

存储

/**
* Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
* If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
* value is replaced.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
*         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
*         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
*         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
*/
public V put(K key, V value) {
//其允许存放null的key和null的value，当其key为null时，调用putForNullKey方法，放入到table[0]的这个位置
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
//通过调用hash方法对key进行哈希，得到哈希之后的数值。该方法实现可以通过看源码，其目的是为了尽可能的让键值对可以分不到不同的桶中
int hash = hash(key);
//根据上一步骤中求出的hash得到在数组中是索引i
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
//如果i处的Entry不为null，则通过其next指针不断遍历e元素的下一个元素。
for (Entry<K,V> e = table; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}

modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}

/**
* Adds a new entry with the specified key, value and hash code to
* the specified bucket.  It is the responsibility of this
* method to resize the table if appropriate.
*
* Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of put method.
*/
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
resize(2 * table.length);
hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
}

createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
// 获取指定 bucketIndex 索引处的 Entry
Entry

/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
* or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
*
* <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
* {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
* key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
* it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
*
* <p>A return value of {@code null} does not [i]necessarily
* indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also

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* possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
* The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
* distinguish these two cases.
*
* @see #put(Object, Object)
*/
public V get(Object key) {
if (key == null)
return getForNullKey();
Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key);

return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
}
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
}
return null;
}

归纳

HashMap 的性能参数

threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor);

Fail-Fast 机制

原理

HashIterator() {
expectedModCount = modCount;
if (size > 0) { // advance to first entry
Entry[] t = table;
while (index

解决方案

HashMap 的两种遍历方式

第一种

Map map = new HashMap();
　　Iterator iter = map.entrySet().iterator();
　　while (iter.hasNext()) {
　　Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
　　Object key = entry.getKey();
　　Object val = entry.getValue();
　　}

第二种

Map map = new HashMap();
　　Iterator iter = map.keySet().iterator();
　　while (iter.hasNext()) {
　　Object key = iter.next();
　　Object val = map.get(key);
　　}