如何获取Android设备唯一识别码

来自：http://syawlaus.com/remindme-%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96android%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9F/

如果我们想唯一识别一台Android设备，就需要获取设备的唯一识别码。怎么获取呢？

下面是Android设备一些可供选择的唯一识别码及其适用范围：

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity Number，国际移动设备识别码)

用于在手机网络中识别每一部独立的手机
对于不在手机网络的设备（如Android平板），就不能使用IMEI来识别。
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity，国际移动用户识别码)

它是在公众陆地移动电话网（PLMN）中用于唯一识别移动用户的一个号码，在GSM网络，这个号码通常被存放在SIM卡中
跟IMEI一样，对于不在手机网络的设备就不能使用IMSI来识别。
Android ID

64位的十六进制字符串，设备首次启动时会随时生成
如果设备恢复了出厂设置，这个值可能会改变
设备root了之后，这个值可以手动修改
Android 2.2发现bug，部分设备具有相同Android ID（9774d56d682e549c），模拟器的Android ID也是这个
这个值有时会为null
一般不推荐使用

Java

private String androidId = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(),
Secure.ANDROID_ID);

1 2	private String androidId = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(),     Secure.ANDROID_ID);

Device ID

唯一的设备ID，如GSM网络的IMEI，CDMA网络的MEID / ESN，可能返回null（API文档的描述）
只对手机设备有效，对于不在手机网络的设备，会返回null
获取到的Device ID值，即使设备恢复出厂设置也不会改变
需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限
某些设备的Device ID实现有bug，会返回0或*

Java

TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();

1 2	TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();

Serial Number

从Android 2.3开始（API level 9），可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取
需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限
WiFi MAC  Address

不是所有Android设备都有WiFi
对于有WiFi的设备，如果WiFi没有开启，可能获取不了WiFi MAC地址
需要ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限

Java

WifiManager wm = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
String wifiMac = wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();

1 2	WifiManager wm = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); String wifiMac = wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();

BlueTooth MAC Address

如果没有开启BlueTooth，可能获取不了BlueTooth MAC地址
需要BLUETOOTH权限

Java

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null; // Local Bluetooth adapter
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

1 2 3

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null;  // Local Bluetooth adapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

UUID（Universally unique identifier，通用唯一标识符）

Java

// 方法1
public class Installation {
private static String sID = null;
private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION";

public synchronized static String id(Context context) {
if (sID == null) {
File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);
try {
if (!installation.exists())
writeInstallationFile(installation);
sID = readInstallationFile(installation);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return sID;
}

private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r");
byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];
f.readFully(bytes);
f.close();
return new String(bytes);
}

private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);
String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
out.write(id.getBytes());
out.close();
}
}

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// 方法1 public class Installation {     private static String sID = null;     private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION";       public synchronized static String id(Context context) {         if (sID == null) {               File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);             try {                 if (!installation.exists())                     writeInstallationFile(installation);                 sID = readInstallationFile(installation);             } catch (Exception e) {                 throw new RuntimeException(e);             }         }         return sID;     }       private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {         RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r");         byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];         f.readFully(bytes);         f.close();         return new String(bytes);     }       private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {         FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);         String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();         out.write(id.getBytes());         out.close();     } }

Java

// 方法2
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
final String DeviceId, SerialNum, androidId;
DeviceId = tm.getDeviceId();
SerialNum = tm.getSimSerialNumber();
androidId = Secure.getString(getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID);

UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)DeviceId.hashCode() << 32) | SerialNum.hashCode());
String mydeviceId = deviceUuid.toString();
Log.v("My Id", "Android DeviceId is: " +DeviceId);
Log.v("My Id", "Android SerialNum is: " +SerialNum);
Log.v("My Id", "Android androidId is: " +androidId);

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// 方法2 TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String DeviceId, SerialNum, androidId; DeviceId = tm.getDeviceId(); SerialNum = tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = Secure.getString(getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID);   UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)DeviceId.hashCode() << 32) | SerialNum.hashCode()); String mydeviceId = deviceUuid.toString(); Log.v("My Id", "Android DeviceId is: " +DeviceId); Log.v("My Id", "Android SerialNum is: " +SerialNum); Log.v("My Id", "Android androidId is: " +androidId);

Java

// 方法3
final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
final String tmDevice, tmSerial, androidId;
tmDevice = "" + tm.getDeviceId();
tmSerial = "" + tm.getSimSerialNumber();
androidId = "" + android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);

UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)tmDevice.hashCode() << 32) | tmSerial.hashCode());
String deviceId = deviceUuid.toString();

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// 方法3 final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String tmDevice, tmSerial, androidId; tmDevice = "" + tm.getDeviceId(); tmSerial = "" + tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = "" + android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);   UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)tmDevice.hashCode() << 32) | tmSerial.hashCode()); String deviceId = deviceUuid.toString();

Java

// 方法4
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID;

public class DeviceUuidFactory {

protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";
protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
protected volatile static UUID uuid;

public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
if (uuid == null) {
synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {
if (uuid == null) {
final SharedPreferences prefs = context
.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0);
final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null);
if (id != null) {
// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the
// prefs file
uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
} else {
final String androidId = Secure.getString(
context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
// Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case
// fallback on deviceId,
// unless it's not available, then fallback on a random
// number which we store to a prefs file
try {
if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {
uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId
.getBytes("utf8"));
} else {
final String deviceId = (
(TelephonyManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE))
.getDeviceId();
uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID
.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId
.getBytes("utf8")) : UUID
.randomUUID();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// Write the value out to the prefs file
prefs.edit()
.putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString())
.commit();
}
}
}
}
}

/**
* Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs,
* this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android
* devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.
*
* The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate,
* falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to
* be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted
* to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value.
*
* In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the
* device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if
* a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android
* 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change.
* Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper
* Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.
*
* Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(),
* the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be
* aware of.
*
* Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID
* directly.
*
* @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 *
* @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most
* purposes.
*/
public UUID getDeviceUuid() {
return uuid;
}
}

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// 方法4 import android.content.Context; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.provider.Settings.Secure; import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;   import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.UUID;   public class DeviceUuidFactory {       protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";     protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";     protected volatile static UUID uuid;       public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {         if (uuid == null) {             synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {                 if (uuid == null) {                     final SharedPreferences prefs = context                             .getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0);                     final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null);                     if (id != null) {                         // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the                         // prefs file                         uuid = UUID.fromString(id);                     } else {                         final String androidId = Secure.getString(                             context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);                         // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case                         // fallback on deviceId,                         // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random                         // number which we store to a prefs file                         try {                             if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {                                 uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId                                         .getBytes("utf8"));                             } else {                                 final String deviceId = (                                     (TelephonyManager) context                                     .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE))                                     .getDeviceId();                                 uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID                                     .nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId                                             .getBytes("utf8")) : UUID                                     .randomUUID();                             }                         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {                             throw new RuntimeException(e);                         }                         // Write the value out to the prefs file                         prefs.edit()                                 .putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString())                                 .commit();                     }                 }             }         }     }       /**      * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs,      * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android      * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.      *      * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate,      * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to      * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted      * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value.      *      * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the      * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if      * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android      * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change.      * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper      * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.      *      * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(),      * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be      * aware of.      *      * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID      * directly.      *      * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603      *      * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most      *         purposes.      */     public UUID getDeviceUuid() {         return uuid;     } }

Java

// 方法5
// Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user:
private static String uniqueID = null;
private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID";

public synchronized static String id(Context context) {
if (uniqueID == null) {
SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
PREF_UNIQUE_ID, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
uniqueID = sharedPrefs.getString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, null);
if (uniqueID == null) {
uniqueID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
Editor editor = sharedPrefs.edit();
editor.putString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, uniqueID);
editor.commit();
}
}
return uniqueID;
}

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// 方法5 // Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user: private static String uniqueID = null; private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID";   public synchronized static String id(Context context) {     if (uniqueID == null) {         SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(                 PREF_UNIQUE_ID, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);         uniqueID = sharedPrefs.getString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, null);         if (uniqueID == null) {             uniqueID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();             Editor editor = sharedPrefs.edit();             editor.putString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, uniqueID);             editor.commit();         }     }     return uniqueID; }

Java

// 方法6
String m_szDevIDShort = "35" //we make this look like a valid IMEI
+ Build.BOARD.length() % 10
+ Build.BRAND.length() % 10
+ Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10
+ Build.DEVICE.length() % 10
+ Build.DISPLAY.length() % 10
+ Build.HOST.length() % 10
+ Build.ID.length() % 10
+ Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10
+ Build.MODEL.length() % 10
+ Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10
+ Build.TAGS.length() % 10
+ Build.TYPE.length() % 10
+ Build.USER.length() % 10; //13 digits

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// 方法6 String m_szDevIDShort = "35"  //we make this look like a valid IMEI     + Build.BOARD.length() % 10     + Build.BRAND.length() % 10     + Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10     + Build.DEVICE.length() % 10     + Build.DISPLAY.length() % 10     + Build.HOST.length() % 10     + Build.ID.length() % 10     + Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10     + Build.MODEL.length() % 10     + Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10     + Build.TAGS.length() % 10     + Build.TYPE.length() % 10     + Build.USER.length() % 10;  //13 digits