Oracle 12c安装方法及一些使用问题

Linux Centos6.5 64bit下安装oracle12c：

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
mkdir -p /u01/oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/oracle oracle
（这里不是一定要把home目录更改到/u01/oracle，默认也可。）
把下面三个文件复制到 /u01/oracle目录下
[root@oracle /]# cd /etc/skel/
[root@oracle skel]# ll -a
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 7月 18 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 7月 18 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 7月 18 2013 .bashrc
注：useradd添加用户时，会自动从这个目录下的文件复制到用户的家目录
password oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01/

/*安装vnc*/

yum -y install tigervnc-server
vncserver 回车
输入密码
ps -ef | grep vnc
vnc客户端连接：ip:1

检测是否有安装以下程序：

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 -
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 -
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 -
gcc-4.1.2 -
gcc-c++-4.1.2 -
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214 -
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 -
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 -
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11 -
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 -

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，加上如下参数

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

为使上述配置生效而不重启系统，执行如下命令

# /sbin/sysctl -p

修改用户限制

root用户：修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，加上下面的参数

oracle   soft nproc 2047
oracle   hard nproc 16384
oracle   soft nofile 1024
oracle   hard nofile 65536

修改用户验证选项

root用户下：修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数

session required  pam_limits.so

修改用户配置文件

root用户下：修改/etc/profile文件加入如下参数：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

修改oracle用户bash_profile：

$ vi .bash_profile

增加如下内容，主要是修改

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=hxw168
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

安装oracle:

安装oracle无法使用命令/usr/bin/xdpyinfo自动检查显示器颜色：

[root@oracle /]# xdpyinfo | grep "name of display"
name of display: :1.0
[root@oracle /]#
在Oracle用户下执行命令：
export DISPLAY=:1.0 （上面name of display:后面的 :1.0）

prvf-0002:无法检索本地节点名

host文件 ip与名称对应
192.168.198.188 oracle

SQL> create user admin identified by zerostudy;

create user admin identified by zerostudy

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name

SQL> !oerr ora 65096

65096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"

// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name

// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to

// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role

// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII

// characters.

// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.

//

解决方法：/article/11927742.html

调整虚拟机的内存到600多M(原来1G多)，启动oracle时提示：

SQL> startup

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

SQL> !oerr ora 00854

00854, 00000, "ASM IOServer Instance Fence monitor process terminated."

// *Cause: The ASM IOServer Fence monitor process died.

// *Action: Warm start the instance.

原因就是Linux系统的shm的大小比SGA设置的小造成的。

可以调整shm的大小:

vi /etc/fstab

修改如下行的设置

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

改成

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=6G 0 0

重新mount下shm使其生效

mount -o remount /dev/shm

TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

需要更改listener.ora文件（跟径在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin），然后重启lsnrctl

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
#LISTENER =
# (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
# (DESCRIPTION =
#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
#  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))
# )
# )
hxw168 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_hxw168=
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC=
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/product/12.1.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = hxw168)
)
)

oracle简单的启动脚本：

[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle
su - oracle <<EOF
lsnrctl start
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
EOF

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