33-5 ansible playbook组件：任务列表、handlers、案例
2016-09-09 12:40
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管理端：192.168.1.131 Centos7.2
node1: 1.121 Centos6.7
node2: 1.122 Centos6.7
node3: 1.123 Centos6.7
[root@server ~]# yum -y install ansible #需要安装EPEL源
[root@server ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.131 #管理本机
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.121
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.122
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.123
[root@server ~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@server ansible]# cp hosts{,.bak}
[root@server ansible]# vim hosts
添加
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121
192.168.1.122
[dbsrvs]
192.168.1.123
测试
1、在指定主机组上：创建nginx组、创建nginx用户、复制文件
[root@server ~]# vim nginx.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: create ninx group
group: name=nginx system=yes gid=208
- name: create nginx
user: name=nginx uid=208 group=nginx system=yes
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file to dbsrvs
copy: src=/etc/inittab dest=/tmp/inittab.ansible
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook nginx.yml
2、在指定主机组上：安装apahce、修改配置文件、启动apache服务
[root@server ~]# mkdir conf
[root@server ~]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf conf/
[root@server ~]# vim conf/httpd.conf
修改
Listen 80
为
Listen 8080
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=httpd state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
copy: src=/root/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
3、执行上面操作后，将配置文件作了更改
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=httpd state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
copy: src=/root/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
4、引入变量（功能同上）
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- package: httpd
- service: httpd
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=` package ` state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
copy: src=/root/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=` service ` state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
5、使用ansible内置变量
[root@server ~]# vim test.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file
copy: content="` ansible_all_ipv4_addresses `" dest=/tmp/vars.ansi
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml
6、自定义变量（主机内部变量）
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
修改后内容为：
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121 testvar="1.121"
192.168.1.122 testvar="1.122"
192.168.1.131
[dbsrvs]
192.168.1.123
[root@server ~]# vim test.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file
copy: content="` ansible_all_ipv4_addresses `, ` testvar `" dest=/tmp/vars.ansi
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml
7、条件测试（向符合条件的主机添加用户）
[root@server ~]# vim cond.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
vars:
- username: user10
tasks:
- name: create ` username ` user
user: name=` username `
when: ansible_fqdn == "node1"
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook cond.yml
8、templates示例
[root@server ~]# mkdir templates
[root@server ~]# cp conf/httpd.conf templates/
[root@server ~]# mv templates/httpd.conf templates/httpd.conf.j2
[root@server ~]# vim templates/httpd.conf.j2
修改
Listen 80
为
Listen ` http_port `
修改
MaxClients 256
为
MaxClients ` maxClients `
修改
#ServerName www.example.com:80
为
ServerName ` ansible_fqdn `
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
添加以下内容
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121 http_port=80 maxClients=100
192.168.1.122 http_port=8080 maxClients=100
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- package: httpd
- service: httpd
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=` package ` state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
template: src=/root/templates/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=` service ` state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
9、tags示例
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
添加tags标签
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- package: httpd
- service: httpd
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=` package ` state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
template: src=/root/templates/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
tags:
- conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=` service ` state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
修改主机配置文件内容
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121 http_port=80 maxClients=150
192.168.1.122 http_port=8080 maxClients=180
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml --tags="conf"
10、roles示例
[root@server ~]# mkdir -pv ansible_playbooks/roles/{websrvs,dbsrvs}/{tasks,files,templates,meta,handlers,vars}
[root@server ~]# tree ansible_playbooks/
ansible_playbooks/
└── roles
├── dbsrvs
│?? ├── files
│?? ├── handlers
│?? ├── meta
│?? ├── tasks
│?? ├── templates
│?? └── vars
└── websrvs
├── files
├── handlers
├── meta
├── tasks
├── templates
└── vars
15 directories, 0 files
[root@server ~]# cd ansible_playbooks/
[root@server ansible_playbooks]# cd roles/websrvs/
[root@server websrvs]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf files/
[root@server websrvs]# vim tasks/main.yml
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=httpd
- name: install configuration file
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
tags:
- conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started
[root@server websrvs]# vim handlers/main.yml
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server websrvs]# cd ../..
[root@server ansible_playbooks]# vim site.yml
- hosts: 192.168.1.121
remote_user: root
roles:
- websrvs
- hosts: 192.168.1.122
remote_user: root
roles:
- dbsrvs
- hosts: 192.168.1.123
remote_user: root
roles:
- websrvs
- dbsrvs
[root@server ~]# cd ansible_playbooks/roles/dbsrvs/
[root@server dbsrvs]# cp /etc/my.cnf files/
[root@server dbsrvs]# vim tasks/main.yml
- name: install mysql-server package
yum: name=mysql-server state=latest
- name: install configuration file
copy: src=my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
tags:
- myconf
notify:
- restart mysqld
- name: start mysqld service
service: name=mysqld enabled=true state=started
[root@server dbsrvs]# vim handlers/main.yml
- name: restart mysqld
service: name=mysqld state=restarted
[root@server ansible_playbooks]# ansible-playbook site.yml
node1: 1.121 Centos6.7
node2: 1.122 Centos6.7
node3: 1.123 Centos6.7
[root@server ~]# yum -y install ansible #需要安装EPEL源
[root@server ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.131 #管理本机
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.121
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.122
[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.123
[root@server ~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@server ansible]# cp hosts{,.bak}
[root@server ansible]# vim hosts
添加
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121
192.168.1.122
[dbsrvs]
192.168.1.123
测试
1、在指定主机组上：创建nginx组、创建nginx用户、复制文件
[root@server ~]# vim nginx.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: create ninx group
group: name=nginx system=yes gid=208
- name: create nginx
user: name=nginx uid=208 group=nginx system=yes
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file to dbsrvs
copy: src=/etc/inittab dest=/tmp/inittab.ansible
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook nginx.yml
2、在指定主机组上：安装apahce、修改配置文件、启动apache服务
[root@server ~]# mkdir conf
[root@server ~]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf conf/
[root@server ~]# vim conf/httpd.conf
修改
Listen 80
为
Listen 8080
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=httpd state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
copy: src=/root/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
3、执行上面操作后，将配置文件作了更改
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=httpd state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
copy: src=/root/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
4、引入变量（功能同上）
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- package: httpd
- service: httpd
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=` package ` state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
copy: src=/root/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=` service ` state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
5、使用ansible内置变量
[root@server ~]# vim test.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file
copy: content="` ansible_all_ipv4_addresses `" dest=/tmp/vars.ansi
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml
6、自定义变量（主机内部变量）
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
修改后内容为：
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121 testvar="1.121"
192.168.1.122 testvar="1.122"
192.168.1.131
[dbsrvs]
192.168.1.123
[root@server ~]# vim test.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file
copy: content="` ansible_all_ipv4_addresses `, ` testvar `" dest=/tmp/vars.ansi
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook test.yml
7、条件测试（向符合条件的主机添加用户）
[root@server ~]# vim cond.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
vars:
- username: user10
tasks:
- name: create ` username ` user
user: name=` username `
when: ansible_fqdn == "node1"
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook cond.yml
8、templates示例
[root@server ~]# mkdir templates
[root@server ~]# cp conf/httpd.conf templates/
[root@server ~]# mv templates/httpd.conf templates/httpd.conf.j2
[root@server ~]# vim templates/httpd.conf.j2
修改
Listen 80
为
Listen ` http_port `
修改
MaxClients 256
为
MaxClients ` maxClients `
修改
#ServerName www.example.com:80
为
ServerName ` ansible_fqdn `
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
添加以下内容
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121 http_port=80 maxClients=100
192.168.1.122 http_port=8080 maxClients=100
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- package: httpd
- service: httpd
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=` package ` state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
template: src=/root/templates/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=` service ` state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml
9、tags示例
[root@server ~]# vim apache.yml
添加tags标签
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- package: httpd
- service: httpd
tasks:
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=` package ` state=latest
- name: install configuration file for httpd
template: src=/root/templates/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
tags:
- conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd service
service: enabled=true name=` service ` state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
修改主机配置文件内容
[websrvs]
192.168.1.121 http_port=80 maxClients=150
192.168.1.122 http_port=8080 maxClients=180
[root@server ~]# ansible-playbook apache.yml --tags="conf"
10、roles示例
[root@server ~]# mkdir -pv ansible_playbooks/roles/{websrvs,dbsrvs}/{tasks,files,templates,meta,handlers,vars}
[root@server ~]# tree ansible_playbooks/
ansible_playbooks/
└── roles
├── dbsrvs
│?? ├── files
│?? ├── handlers
│?? ├── meta
│?? ├── tasks
│?? ├── templates
│?? └── vars
└── websrvs
├── files
├── handlers
├── meta
├── tasks
├── templates
└── vars
15 directories, 0 files
[root@server ~]# cd ansible_playbooks/
[root@server ansible_playbooks]# cd roles/websrvs/
[root@server websrvs]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf files/
[root@server websrvs]# vim tasks/main.yml
- name: install httpd package
yum: name=httpd
- name: install configuration file
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
tags:
- conf
notify:
- restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started
[root@server websrvs]# vim handlers/main.yml
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@server websrvs]# cd ../..
[root@server ansible_playbooks]# vim site.yml
- hosts: 192.168.1.121
remote_user: root
roles:
- websrvs
- hosts: 192.168.1.122
remote_user: root
roles:
- dbsrvs
- hosts: 192.168.1.123
remote_user: root
roles:
- websrvs
- dbsrvs
[root@server ~]# cd ansible_playbooks/roles/dbsrvs/
[root@server dbsrvs]# cp /etc/my.cnf files/
[root@server dbsrvs]# vim tasks/main.yml
- name: install mysql-server package
yum: name=mysql-server state=latest
- name: install configuration file
copy: src=my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
tags:
- myconf
notify:
- restart mysqld
- name: start mysqld service
service: name=mysqld enabled=true state=started
[root@server dbsrvs]# vim handlers/main.yml
- name: restart mysqld
service: name=mysqld state=restarted
[root@server ansible_playbooks]# ansible-playbook site.yml
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