nginx 安装和使用

find -name nginx
./nginx
./nginx/sbin/nginx
./nginx-1.2.6/objs/nginx
yum remove nginx

yum install gcc-c++
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel

cd /usr/local
tar -zxv -f nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
rm -rf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
mv nginx-1.2.6 nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx

#设置安装位置，可以自己定义

#文件夹出现位置是在 make, make install 之后才出现的，添加http检测模块

./configure --prefix=/data/software/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module

#安装

make && make install

安装报错：
时候，我们需要单独安装nginx，来处理大量的下载请求。
单独在Centos5安装nginx遇到的rewrite和HTTP cache错误解决办法：
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.8.33.tar.gz tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.33.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.33
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

安装Nginx时报错

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

安装pcre-devel解决问题
yum -y install pcre-devel

错误提示：./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions
from OpenSSL library.   You can either disable the module by using
--without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system,
or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using
--with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options.

解决办法：

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

总结：

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

#修改防火墙配置：

[root@admin nginx-1.2.6]# vi + /etc/sysconfig/iptables

#添加配置项

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

#重启防火墙

[root@admin nginx-1.2.6]# service iptables restart

#方法1

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#方法2

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx

#查询nginx主进程号

ps -ef | grep nginx

#停止进程

kill -QUIT 主进程号

#快速停止

kill -TERM 主进程号

#强制停止

pkill -9 nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

#端口测试

netstat –na|grep 80

#浏览器中测试
 http://ip:80[/code] 
常见例子->访问静态文件

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  65536;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

access_log  logs/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush     on;
proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

keepalive_timeout  65;
#keepalive_timeout  1000;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 10k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
gzip_vary on;

server {
#被监听的端口号和网址
listen       80;
server_name  www.test.com;

#charset koi8-r;

access_log  logs/test_access.log  main;

location / {
#这个地方指定被访问的文件夹位置
root   /data/test;
index  index.html index.htm;
}

#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$ {
root /data/test;
expires 30d;
}
}

#location ~ /purge(/.*){
#    allow 192.168.0.0/16;
#    deny all;
#    proxy_cache_purge resource $host$1$is_args$args;
#}
}


常见例子->一个负载均衡例子

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  65536;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

# log_format 日志格式

log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

access_log  logs/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush     on;
proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

keepalive_timeout  65;
#keepalive_timeout  1000;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 10k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
gzip_vary on;

upstream balance{
server 192.168.21.77:8080;
}

server {
listen       80;
server_name www.website.com;

#charset koi8-r;

access_log  logs/website.log  main;
#request proxy server
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
#这里设置代理的位置
proxy_pass http://balance; proxy_redirect default;
}
#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
location /nginx_status{
stub_status on;
access_log off;#指定全局的 log 是否打开
allow all;
# deny all;
}
}

}


13. 常见例子->多个负载均衡，多个服务，多个端口

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  65536;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

#全局日志记录记录的位置及日志格式
access_log  logs/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush     on;
proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

keepalive_timeout  65;
#keepalive_timeout  1000;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 10k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
gzip_vary on;

#负载均衡示例 1

upstream balance1{
server 192.168.21.76:8093 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

#负载均衡示例 2

upstream balance2{
server 192.168.21.76:8070;
server 192.168.21.76:8071 down;
}

#负载均衡示例 3

upstream balance3{
server 192.168.21.76:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

#web 服务 1

server {
listen       80;
server_name www.website1.com;

#charset koi8-r;

#当前 web 服务的日志 位置、格式

access_log  logs/404_access.log  main;
#request proxy server
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://balance1; proxy_redirect default;
}
#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
location /nginx_status{
stub_status on;
access_log off;#指定全局的 access_log 是否打开
allow all;
# deny all;
}
}

server {
listen       80;
server_name website2.com;

#charset koi8-r;
#
access_log  logs/website2.log  main;
#request proxy server
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://balance3; proxy_redirect default;
}
#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
location /nginx_status{
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow all;
# deny all;
}
}

server {
listen       80;
server_name www.website3.com;

#charset koi8-r;

access_log  logs/website3.log  main;
#request proxy server
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://balance1; proxy_redirect default;
}
#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
location /nginx_status{
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow all;
# deny all;
}
}

server {
listen       8060;
server_name 192.168.1.111;

#charset koi8-r;

access_log  logs/website4.log  main;
#request proxy server
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://balance2; proxy_redirect default;
}
#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
location /nginx_status{
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow all;
# deny all;
}

}

}


同一个域名下的不同 url 指向不同应用

worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

# log_format 日志格式

log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

access_log  logs/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush     on;
proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

keepalive_timeout  65;
#keepalive_timeout  1000;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 10k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
gzip_vary on;

upstream tomcat-cfhd-admin {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.87.105:8081;
server 192.168.87.104:8081;
}
upstream tomcat-cfhd-service {
server 192.168.87.105:8082;
server 192.168.87.104:8082;
}

server {
listen       80;
#server_name  203.158.23.152;
server_name  test.ync365.com;

#charset koi8-r;

access_log  logs/hd.access.log  main;
#request proxy server
#http://test.ync365.com/cfhd-admin
#上面的请求将会由 http://tomcat-cfhd-admin 处理
#****需要注意的是*****
#http://tomcat-cfhd-admin 所指向的那个tomcat里面所部署的war文件的名称需要固定为
#cfhd-admin.war
#因为代理的域名指向了指定了 upstream 下面的 /cfhd-admin，所以那个工程的 war名称必须的跟他一致才能找到
location /cfhd-admin {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://tomcat-cfhd-admin; proxy_redirect default;
client_max_body_size 50m;
}
#http://test.ync365.com/cfhd-service
#上面的请求将会由 http://tomcat-cfhd-service 处理
#****需要注意的是*****
#http://tomcat-cfhd-service 所指向的那个tomcat里面所部署的war文件的名称需要固定为
#cfhd-service.war
#因为代理的域名指向了指定了 upstream 下面的 /cfhd-service，所以那个工程的 war名称必须的跟他一致才能找到
location /cfhd-service {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://tomcat-cfhd-service; proxy_redirect default;
}

#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
location /nginx_status{
stub_status on;
access_log off;#指定全局的 log 是否打开
allow all;
# deny all;
}
}

}


nginx可以实现的效果

（1）可以指定多个端口。

（2）一个负载均衡可以被多个服务名访问。

（3）一个端口可以被多个服务监听。

（4）一个负载均衡可以配置多个 tomcat 服务。