style、theme的关系与使用
2016-09-05 20:53
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第1节 概述
主题theme与风格style是两个很相近的概念,经常把它们混乱着称呼。它们都定义在xml文件中,都使用style标签。主题与风格是包含与被包含的关系。例如同一个主题中,按钮使用一种风格,进度条使用一种风格。可以说主题是由具备各种风格的组件组合起来的。
从下面定义的主题例子中,我们可以看到
这个主题里面的
文字,使用的是
TextAppearance.DeviceDefault风格;
这个主题里面的
按钮,使用的是
Widget.DeviceDefault.Button风格;
这个主题的
窗口标题,使用的是
WindowTitle.DeviceDefault风格;
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"Theme.DeviceDefault"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">parent</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"Theme.Material"</span> ></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">Text</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">styles</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">textAppearance</span>"><span class="hljs-at_rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">style/TextAppearance.DeviceDefault</item></span> <!-- Button styles --> <item name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"buttonStyle"</span>>@style/Widget.DeviceDefault.Button</item> <!-- Window attributes --> <item name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"windowTitleStyle"</span>>@style/WindowTitle.DeviceDefault</item> ...... <style/></span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>
由此我们将先来介绍风格style,之后再来介绍主题theme。
第2节 风格-style
style指的是某一类具体的控件的风格,例如TextView的风格、
Button的风格。
指定控件的style,就是指定诸如它的字体大小、字体颜色、字体种类等元素,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"BtnStyle"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textStyle"</span>><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">bold</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textSize"</span>>35<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">sp</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textColor"</span>><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#FFFFFFFF</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
这好比一本书,书的一级标题要使用一号字体(字体要比别的字体大),二级标题要使用二号字体,以此类推。每一级标题使用的文字,就对应的一种style。以后在写书的时候,每使用某级的标题,就自然将文字显示成了这一级应该的字体大小。
2.1 style的定义
在res\values目录下,新建一个
styles.xml文件;
在新建的文件中,使用style标签,在标签中为定义的主题取个名字,例如
name="BtnStyle";
在style标签内部,使用item标签,为需要定制的属性设置新的值;
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"BtnStyle"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textStyle"</span>><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">bold</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textSize"</span>>35<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">sp</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textColor"</span>><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#FFFFFFFF</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
2.2 style的继承
style也可以从已有的style继承而来。 style有两种继承方式,一种是显式继承,一种是隐式继承。
2.2.1 显示继承
继承已有的style时,使用parent=属性,
在子style中,定义需要扩展或者需要覆盖的属性,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ExBtnStyle"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">parent</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@style/BtnStyle"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>增加了<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">background</span>属性的设定<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:background"</span>><span class="hljs-at_rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">drawable/btn_selector</item></span> <!--覆盖了父style中的textColor属性--> <item name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android:textColor"</span>>#FFFFFFFF</item> </span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
2.2.2 隐式继承
继承已有的style,给新style以.为分隔符取名,例如
"BtnStyle.ExBtnStyle,被继承的style名称要放在前面;
在
子style中,定义需要扩展或者需要覆盖的属性,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"BtnStyle.ExBtnStyle"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>增加了<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">background</span>属性的设定<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:background"</span>><span class="hljs-at_rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">drawable/btn_selector</item></span> <!--覆盖了父style中的textColor属性--> <item name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android:textColor"</span>>#FFFFFFFF</item> </span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
2.3 style的使用
style有两种使用方式。直接针对具体的控件使用。
通过控件的style属性设置,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">Button </span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/btn_3"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"3"</span> <!<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>通过<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">style</span>属性设置<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>></span> style="@style/BaseBtnStyle.DigitalBtnStyle" /></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
提供给theme使用。
相关的内容请参考主题相关的章节。
2.4 style可用的各种属性
style可以设置的属性很多,不同的控件有不同的属性。具体有哪些属性可以设置,可以参考控件的开发文档,例如TextView就有很多属性,开发文档都有列举。
2.5 属性值的设置
在对属性值设置时,可以使用三种方式。直接赋值:直接将要设定的值写到item标签当中,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android:textColor"</span>></span>#FFFFFFFF<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
@引用:将要设定的值通过
@引用,设置给item标签,这种引用是将要设定的值换了一个名字,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!--text_color的数值已经定义在了别的地方--></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android:textColor"</span>></span>@color/text_color<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
?引用:这种引用并不直接设置值,而是表明希望设置的值与“另一个属性”的值相同;这“另一个属性”定义在当前使用的主题当中(怎么定义的会在主题相关的章节介绍),
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!--使用与android:textColorLink属性相同的值,而不关心这个数值是到底是多少--></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android:textColor"</span>></span>?android:attr/textColorLink <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">item</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
第3节 主题-theme
主题theme由具备各种风格style的组件组合起来的。如果说style关注的是具体某个控件,那么theme就关注的是整体宏观的方面,例如一个Activity或者一个应用整体。
3.1 theme的定义
theme的定义与style的定义完全一样,一样的标签、一样的写法,在
res\values目录下,新建一个
themes.xml文件(如果使用
styles.xml文件)也可以;
在新建的文件中,使用style标签,在标签中为定义的主题取个名字,例如
name="Mytheme";
在style标签内部,使用item标签,为需要定制的属性设置新的值;
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"MyTheme"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">colorPrimary</span>"><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#FFFF0000</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">colorPrimaryDark</span>"><span class="hljs-at_rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">color/colorPrimaryDark</item></span> <item name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"colorAccent"</span>>@color/colorAccent</item> </span></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
3.2 theme的继承
theme的继承与style的继承完全一样 theme也可以从已有的theme继承而来。
theme与style一样,有两种继承方式,一种是显式继承,一种是隐式继承。
3.2.1 显示继承
继承已有的theme时,使用parent=属性,
在子theme中,定义需要扩展或者需要覆盖的属性,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ExMyTheme"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">parent</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"MyTheme"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>覆盖了父<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">style</span>中的<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">colorAccent</span>属性<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">colorAccent</span>"><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#FFFFFFFF</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
3.2.2 隐式继承
继承已有的theme,给新theme以.为分隔符取名,例如
"MyTheme.ExMyTheme,被继承的theme名称要放在前面;
在
子theme中,定义需要扩展或者需要覆盖的属性,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"MyTheme.ExMyTheme"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>覆盖了父<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">style</span>中的<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">colorAccent</span>属性<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">colorAccent</span>"><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#FFFFFFFF</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
3.3 theme的使用
theme常用在两种地方,一个是应用,一个是Activity。
3.3.1 应用使用theme
配置文件中设置:在项目工程的AndroidManifest.xml文件中,application标签的
android:theme属性,就用来指定整个应用的theme
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application </span> <!<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>指定应用的<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">theme--</span>></span> android:theme="@style/MyTheme"></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
java源码中设置:当应用被创建的时候,在
Application的
onCreate()函数中设置,
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.setTheme(R.style.MyTheme); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
3.3.2 Activity使用theme
配置文件中设置:在项目工程的AndroidManifest.xml文件中,
<activity/>标签的
android:theme属性,就用来指定该Activity的theme
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">".MainActivity"</span> <!<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>指定应用的<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">theme--</span>></span> android:theme="@style/MyTheme"></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
java源码中设置:当应用被创建的时候,在
Activity的
onCreate()函数中设置,
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.setTheme(R.style.MyTheme); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
3.4 属性值的设置
在对属性值设置时,可以使用三种方式,前两种已经在style的相关章节介绍了,下面介绍?引用。
这种引用并不直接设置值,而是表明希望设置的值与“另一个属性”的值相同;这“另一个属性”定义在当前使用的主题当中,例如,
创建自定义属性
myAttr:在
res\values目录下创建一个
attrs.xml文件,添加一个自定义属性
myAttr,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!--format设置成color,说明myAttr希望获得的值是用来表示颜色的--></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"myAttr"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"color"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
定义一个theme-MyTheme,设置
myAttr的值,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"MyTheme"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">myAttr</span>"><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#FFFF00</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
让这个应用使用
MyTheme,作为应用的主题(当然也可以指定某个具体的Activity使用这个主题),
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application </span> <!<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>指定应用的<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">theme--</span>></span> android:theme="@style/MyTheme"> </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
定义一个style-MyStyle,使用
myAttr来指定按钮文字的颜色,
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"BtnStyle"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:textColor"</span>>?<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">myAttr</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
为布局文件中的一个
Button使用
MyStyle
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">Button </span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/btn_3"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"3"</span> <!<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>通过<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">style</span>属性设置<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">--</span>></span> style="@style/MyStyle" /></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
这样,
Button显示的文字颜色就是
MyTheme中
myAttr指定的颜色了。
3.5 theme可用的各种属性
theme可以设置的属性很多,可以参考安卓的系统源码themes.xml themes_device_defaults.xml themes_material.xmlthemes_holo.xml等,里面使用了很多定义主题时用到的属性。不过里面有的属性是不对应用层开放的,在应用层使用的这些属性的时候,如果遇到编译错误,那么多半就是这个原因。
系统主题的属性很多,我们将选择性的介绍一些重要属性的用法和效果。
3.5.1 调色板属性
调色板属性是主题最为重要的属性,它决定了主题的配色。这些属性包括,android:colorPrimaryDark:
android:colorPrimary:
android:colorAccent:
android:colorEdgeEffect:
android:colorControlNormal:
android:colorControlActivated:
android:colorControlHighlight:
android:colorButtonNormal:
android:colorSwitchThumbNormal:
如果一款应用设计了自己的配色方案,那么修改这些属性,会让开发的效率大大提高。
例如
colorAccent就被很多控件利用
?访问的方式使用到,一旦修改了它,很多控件的配色也就跟着变化了。例如,我们将该属性的值设置成绿色,
![](http://res.anddle.com/image/android/colorAccent.png)
其它属性也对应着修改界面控件的某些颜色,由于它们都是和主题配色相关的属性,所以称它们为调色板属性。
3.5.2 导航栏、状态栏属性
从安卓5.0起,Android SDK加入了对导航栏和状态栏颜色的设定属性,导航栏:
android:navigationBarColor;
状态栏:
android:statusBarColor;
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"MyTheme"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>导航栏设置成红色<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:navigationBarColor"</span>><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#F00</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> <!<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>状态栏设置成绿色<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>> <<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>="<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">android</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:statusBarColor"</span>><span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#0F0</span></<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
![](http://res.anddle.com/image/android/%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E6%A0%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E6%A0%8F.png)
3.6 系统主题
安卓系统内置了很多种主题,它们各有各的特点,也具有很多共同的性质。按照设计思路,分成三个大类:
theme:这是安卓系统刚诞生时使用的界面元素设计理念,具有暗色和亮色两种风格;
![](http://res.anddle.com/image/android/theme.png)
Holo:这是安卓系统3.0时开始使用的界面元素设计理念,具有暗色和亮色两种风格;
![](http://res.anddle.com/image/android/holo.png)
Material:这是安卓系统5.0时开始使用的界面元素设计理念,具有暗色和亮色两种风格;
![](http://res.anddle.com/image/android/matiaral.png)
以上三个大类下面还有很多主题,可以通过Android Studio提供的
preview工具看到这些主题。
打开任意一个布局文件,例如
activity_main.xml;
点击
预览窗口上红色方框对应的图标,会弹出一个
Select Theme窗口;
![](http://res.anddle.com/image/android/theme%E9%A2%84%E8%A7%88.png)
这里分门别类的列举出了所有可用的系统内置的主题。
最后需要特别的指出一个类型的主题:
device default。
它并不是除了theme
holo
material之外的第四类,而是为了安卓系统在不同版本上的兼容性而采取的兼容方案。
可以简单的认为,当使用这种主题的应用在安卓3.0~安卓5.0之间的版本上运行时,它使用的主题就是
holo;当使用这种主题的应用在安卓5.0以上的版本,它使用的主题就是
material。
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