RAID,LVM牛逼功能及用法

一、高级文件系统管理

1） 设定文件系统配额
2） 设定和管理软RAID设备
3） 配置逻辑卷
4） 设定LVM快照
5） btrfs文件系统

二、配置磁盘配额

演示步骤如下：
1、分区挂载将/home目录下的所有文件拷贝至/dev/sdc1
fdsik /dev/sdc
mount /dec/sdc1 /mnt/test
mv /home/* /mnt/test
mount /dev/sdc1 /home

2、启动配额挂载选项

/dev/sdc1 /mnt/test ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc1 /home ext4 usrquota,grpquota 0 0

3、启动数据库,如遇到报错则关闭防火墙及重新挂载(mount -0 remount usrquota,grpquota)
setenforce 0 #临时关闭selinux
getenforce #查看selinux状态
quotacheck -cug /home #创建磁盘配额数据库

4、启动数据库
quotaon -p /home #查看是否已启动数据库
quotaon /home #启动数据库
repquota /home #报告各个家目录下用户的默认磁盘配额

5、配置配额项
edquota alren #给alren用户配置配额
setquota alren 100000 150000 0 0 /home

6、测试
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/alren/testfile bs=1M count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/alren/testfiel bs=1M count=160

代码演示：

[root@centos6 ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 11 03:07:57 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               swap                     swap   pri=10          0 0
/swapfile              swap                     swap     defaults,pri=100  0 0
/dev/sdc1              /mnt/test               ext4     defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc1              /home                  ext4      usrquota,grpquota 0  0
UUID="39208cf4-4d84-430b-ab53-7a26ad9d786d" /mnt/lv0  ext4  defaults  0 0
UUID=240533cf-b37f-4460-974f-702bab867da5 /                       ext4    defaults1 1
UUID=4e245c68-a392-4ce9-9a99-5d32d8d43872 /boot                   ext4    defaults1 2
UUID=86aa7b74-24df-4043-ba83-f3b41a99ce0e /testdir                ext4    defaults1 2
[root@centos6 home]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /home
[root@centos6 home]# quotacheck -cug /home
[root@centos6 home]# ls
alren  aquota.group  aquota.user  chen  cheng  chenggg  lost+found
[root@centos6 home]# quotaon -p /home
group quota on /home (/dev/sdc1) is off
user quota on /home (/dev/sdc1) is off
[root@centos6 home]# quotaon /home
[root@centos6 home]# quotaon -p /home
group quota on /home (/dev/sdc1) is on
user quota on /home (/dev/sdc1) is on
[root@centos6 home]# setquota alren 100000 150000 0 0 /home
[root@centos6 ~]# repquota /home
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --   37952       0       0            967     0     0
chen      --   43644       0       0           3198     0     0
chenggg   --      32       0       0              8     0     0
cheng     --      32       0       0              8     0     0
alren     --      32  100000  150000              9     0     0
[root@centos6 ~]#
[root@centos6 home]# edquota alren
[root@centos6 home]# su - alren
[alren@centos6 ~]$ quota alren
Disk quotas for user alren (uid 524):
Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
/dev/sdc1      32  100000  150000               8       0       0
[alren@centos6 ~]$ repquota /home
repquota: Cannot open quotafile /home/aquota.user: 权限不够
repquota: Quota file not found or has wrong format.
repquota: Not all specified mountpoints are using quota.
[alren@centos6 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/alren bs=1M count=100
dd: 正在打开"/home/alren": 是一个目录
[alren@centos6 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/alren/testfile  bs=1M count=100
sdc1: warning, user block quota exceeded.
记录了100+0 的读入
记录了100+0 的写出
104857600字节(105 MB)已复制，0.613277 秒，171 MB/秒
[alren@centos6 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/alren/testfile  bs=1M count=160
sdc1: warning, user block quota exceeded.
sdc1: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: 正在写入"/home/alren/testfile": 超出磁盘限额
记录了147+0 的读入
记录了146+0 的写出
153567232字节(154 MB)已复制，0.876813 秒，175 MB/秒
[alren@centos6 ~]$

三、独立冗余磁盘整列(RAID，本文所述为软RAID)
1、简介
RAID:Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive(Independent)Disks，1988年由加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校（University of California-Berkeley） “A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks”提出。多个磁盘合成一个“阵列”来提供更好的性能、冗余，或者两者都提供，就叫做独立磁盘冗余整列。

2、特点
1）提高IO性能，提升磁盘读写
2）提高耐用性，磁盘冗余来实现
3）多块磁盘组织在一起的工作方式有所不同

3、raid级别

RAID-0：将数据切割成等分，然后按次序存储在磁盘中

RAID-1：将数据切割成等分，然后分别存入各个磁盘中
RAID-5：将数据切割成等分，然后按次序存储在磁盘中，并且每个磁盘轮流存储校验信息
......
RAID-6: 将数据切割成等分，然后按次序存储在磁盘中，并且每个磁盘轮流存储校验信息，且存两份校验信息
RAID-10: 先做raid1，然后做raid0即可
RAID-01: 先做raid0，然后做raid1即可

3、raid级别及其特性
RAID-0；读写性能提升

可用空间n*min(s1,s2...)

无容错能力

最少磁盘数量：2个

RAID-1：读性能提升，写性能有所下降
1*min(s1,s2,...)

有冗余能力

最少磁盘数量：2,2N

RAID-5: 读写性能提升
可用空间(N-1)*min(s1,s2)

有容错能力，只允许坏一块磁盘

最少磁盘数量：3,3+

RAID-6：读写性能提升
可用空间(N-2)*min(s1,s2,...)

有容错能力允许坏两块磁盘

最少磁盘数量：4,4+

RAID-10：读、写性能提升
可用空间：N*min(S1,S2,...)/2
有容错能力：每组镜像最多只能坏一块
最少磁盘数：4, 4+

RAID-01：读、写性能提升 可用空间：N*min(S1,S2,...)/2 有容错能力：每组镜像最多只能坏一块 最少磁盘数：4, 4+ 常用级别：RAID-0, RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-10, RAID-50

软RAID-5基本选项：

mdadm:为软raid提供管理界面，为空余磁盘添加冗余，RAID设备可为/dev/md0、/dev/md1、/dev/md2、 /dev/md3等等
mdadm命令：
语法格式：mdadm [mode] <raiddevice> [options] <component-devices>
模式：
创建：-C

装配：-A

管理：-f,-r,-a

-C:创建模式
-n #:使用#个快设备来创建次RAID

-l #:指明RAID及级别

-a {yes|no}:自动创建目标raid设备的设备文件

-c chunck_size:指明块设备的大小

-x #:指明空闲磁盘个数
-D: 显示raid的详细信息
mdadm -D /dev/md#
管理模式：
-f:标记指定磁盘为损坏
-a:添加磁盘
-r:移除磁盘
观察md的模式：
cat /proc/mdstat
停止md设备：
mdamd -S /dev/md#

软RAID-5实现步骤：

1、创建磁盘分区，本实验使用5块磁盘做实验，其中4块为真实使用，1块为冗余备份
fdisk /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}1 #磁盘分区10G并改其文件类型为fd

2、创建raid设备
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 5 -n 4 -x1 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}1
mdamd -D /dev/md0
cat /proc/mdstat

3、格式化创建的md0设备
mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

4、设置开机自动挂载
vim /etc/fstab
UUID="b92ddd51-c555-4948-b1d5-8563b697a2f1" /mnt/raid ext4 defaults 0 0
5、生成配置文件/etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm -Ds /dev/md0 > /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm -S /dev/md0 停止raid
mdadm -A /dev/md0 启动raid

6、测试
mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdf1 #模拟损坏
mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdf1 #删除成员
mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdf1 #增加
mdadm -G /dev/md0 -n 6 -a /dev/sdd4 #增加成员
mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 #重新格式化

7、删除raid
umount /mnt/raid
mdadm -S /dev/md0 停止raid
rm -f /etc/mdadm.conf
vi /etc/fstab
fdisk /dev/sda
mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd1

演示：

[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 5 -n 4 -x1 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}1
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
size=5242880K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:42 2016
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 2
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 18% complete
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 3
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      spare rebuilding   /dev/sde1
4       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:29:42 2016
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 2
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 88% complete
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 15
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      spare rebuilding   /dev/sde1
4       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:29:52 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 18
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1
4       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=384 blocks
1966080 inodes, 7858176 blocks
392908 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2155872256
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -Ds /dev/md0 >/etc/mdadm.conf
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -A /dev/md0
mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 4 drives and 1 spare.
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm  -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:30:29 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 18
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1
4       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm  /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md0
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm  -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:32:19 2016
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 5% complete
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 20
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
4       8       81        0      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdf1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1
0       8       17        -      faulty   /dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md0 : active raid5 sdb1[0](F) sdf1[4] sde1[5] sdd1[2] sdc1[1]
31432704 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [_UUU]
[========>............]  recovery = 43.8% (4592156/10477568) finish=0.7min speed=129724K/sec
unused devices: <none>
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm  -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:33:40 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 37
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
4       8       81        0      active sync   /dev/sdf1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1
0       8       17        -      faulty   /dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm  -G /dev/md0 -n 6 -a /dev/sdb2
mdadm: Need 2 spares to avoid degraded array, and only have 1.
Use --force to over-ride this check.
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm  -G /dev/md0 -n 6 -a /dev/sdb2 --force
mdadm: added /dev/sdb2
mdadm: Failed to initiate reshape!
unfreeze
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=384 blocks
1966080 inodes, 7858176 blocks
392908 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2155872256
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:34:55 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 41
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
4       8       81        0      active sync   /dev/sdf1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1
0       8       17        -      faulty   /dev/sdb1
6       8       18        -      spare   /dev/sdb2
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdb1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md0
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdb1
mdadm: added /dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 30 11:28:31 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 31432704 (29.98 GiB 32.19 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10477568 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 6
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Aug 30 11:35:46 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 6
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 2
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : centos7.localdomain:0  (local to host centos7.localdomain)
UUID : 40fbcb9e:3de8f63f:0ec52e1d:98020537
Events : 43
Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
4       8       81        0      active sync   /dev/sdf1
1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
2       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
5       8       65        3      active sync   /dev/sde1
6       8       18        -      spare   /dev/sdb2
7       8       17        -      spare   /dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]#

三、LVM(逻辑卷管理)
1、简介
LVM: Logical Volume Manager，允许对卷进行方便操作的抽象层，包括重新设定文件系统的大小，允许在多个物理设备间重新组织文件系统。将设备指定为物理卷，用一个或多个物理卷来创建一个卷组，物理卷是用固定大小的物理区域(PE)来定义，在物理卷上创建逻辑卷，然后在逻辑卷上创建文件系统。

2、pv管理工具
1）显示pv信息
pvs:简要pv信息
pvdisplay:详细pv信息
2）创建pv
pvcreate /dev/DEVICE

3、vg管理工具
1）显示卷组
vgs:简要vg信息
vgdisplay:详细vg信息
2)创建逻辑卷
vgcreate [-s #[kKmMgGtTpPeE]] VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [PhysicalDevicePath...]
3)管理卷组
vgextend VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [PhysicalDevicePath...] vgreduce VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [PhysicalDevicePath...]
4)删除卷组
先做vgremove，再做pvremove

4、lv工具
1)显示逻辑卷
lvs:显示逻辑卷简单信息
lvdisplay:显示详细逻辑卷信息
2）删除逻辑卷
lvremove /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
3)重设文件系统大小
fsadm [options] resize device [new_size[BKMGTEP]] resize2fs [-f] [-F] [-M] [-P] [-p] device [new_size]

5)扩展逻辑卷
lvextend -L [+]#[mMgGtT] /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME

6）缩减逻辑卷
umount /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
e2fsck -f /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
[mMgGtT]
lvreduce -L [-]#[mMgGtT] /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME

演示：

[root@centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom
sda      8:0    0  120G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0   80G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0   20G  0 part /testdir
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part
├─sda5   8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda6   8:6    0    2G  0 part
sdb      8:16   0  120G  0 disk
└─sdb1   8:17   0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sdc      8:32   0   20G  0 disk
├─sdc2   8:34   0   10G  0 part
└─sdc1   8:33   0    2G  0 part /mnt/test
sdd      8:48   0   20G  0 disk
sde      8:64   0   20G  0 disk
sdf      8:80   0   20G  0 disk
[root@centos6 ~]#
[root@centos6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd{c2,d}
Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdc2       lvm2 ---- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdd        lvm2 ---- 20.00g 20.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdc2" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc2
VG Name
PV Size               10.00 GiB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size               0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               PZRtfc-8dci-dW2V-ayy6-RVHQ-6oMh-q8LhwC
"/dev/sdd" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdd
VG Name
PV Size               20.00 GiB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size               0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               X7gN2P-RysJ-Woci-IiIu-IphR-elkT-sAtSID
################创建逻辑卷组##################
[root@centos6 ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sd{c2,d}
Volume group "vg0" successfully created
[root@centos6 ~]# vgs
VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
vg0    2   0   0 wz--n- 30.00g 30.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               vg0
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        2
Metadata Sequence No  1
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                0
Open LV               0
Max PV                0
Cur PV                2
Act PV                2
VG Size               30.00 GiB
PE Size               4.00 MiB
Total PE              7679
Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
Free  PE / Size       7679 / 30.00 GiB
VG UUID               gbfTZO-aqo8-kdfg-cLkM-xXug-VWRK-hl1qSA
################创建逻辑卷###################
[root@centos6 ~]# lvcreate -n lv0 -L 15G vg0
Logical volume "lv0" created.
[root@centos6 ~]# lvs
LV   VG   Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv0  vg0  -wi-a----- 15.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path                /dev/vg0/lv0
LV Name                lv0
VG Name                vg0
LV UUID                XJ1Nco-ZP4s-h93D-YkIy-DcbN-6TEq-4XXJDI
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Creation host, time centos6.localdomain, 2016-08-24 21:26:41 +0800
LV Status              available
# open                 0
LV Size                15.00 GiB
Current LE             3840
Segments               1
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     auto
- currently set to     256
Block device           253:0
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg
vg0/         vga_arbiter
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/lv0
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
983040 inodes, 3932160 blocks
196608 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4026531840
120 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@centos6 ~]# blkid /dev/vg
vg0/         vga_arbiter
[root@centos6 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda2: UUID="240533cf-b37f-4460-974f-702bab867da5" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda1: UUID="4e245c68-a392-4ce9-9a99-5d32d8d43872" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3: UUID="86aa7b74-24df-4043-ba83-f3b41a99ce0e" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="f8ef48ef-b141-48e5-9735-ff9089bd54ba" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda6: UUID="ca0c47c7-edb0-4685-8b29-44c6a5bf7a11" TYPE="ext4" LABEL="MYHOME"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="443bb126-8dc0-45a3-acfe-9a37629bb511" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdc2: UUID="PZRtfc-8dci-dW2V-ayy6-RVHQ-6oMh-q8LhwC" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sdd: UUID="X7gN2P-RysJ-Woci-IiIu-IphR-elkT-sAtSID" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0: UUID="bac8210f-143d-4f89-a3fe-b75be6060274" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc1: UUID="7f140c30-7c34-4387-abac-b4687870463c" TYPE="ext4"
[root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@centos6 ~]# mount -a
[root@centos6 ~]# df
Filesystem          1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2            82438832 5772100  72472428   8% /
tmpfs                  502068       0    502068   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1              194241   39067    144934  22% /boot
/dev/sda3            20511356   45044  19417736   1% /testdir
/dev/sdc1             2005848   84784   1815840   5% /mnt/test
/dev/sdc1             2005848   84784   1815840   5% /home
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0  15350768   38384  14525952   1% /mnt/lv0
[root@centos6 ~]# cd /mnt/lv0/
[root@centos6 lv0]# ls
lost+found
[root@centos6 lv0]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             79G  5.6G   70G   8% /
tmpfs                491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1            190M   39M  142M  22% /boot
/dev/sda3             20G   44M   19G   1% /testdir
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   83M  1.8G   5% /mnt/test
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   83M  1.8G   5% /home
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   15G   38M   14G   1% /mnt/lv0
################扩展逻辑卷#################
[root@centos6 lv0]# lvextend -L +6G /dev/vg0/lv0
Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 15.00 GiB (3840 extents) to 21.00 GiB (5376extents).
Logical volume lv0 successfully resized.
[root@centos6 lv0]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             79G  5.6G   70G   8% /
tmpfs                491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1            190M   39M  142M  22% /boot
/dev/sda3             20G   44M   19G   1% /testdir
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   83M  1.8G   5% /mnt/test
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   83M  1.8G   5% /home
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   15G   38M   14G   1% /mnt/lv0
[root@centos6 lv0]# resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg0/lv0 is mounted on /mnt/lv0; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg0/lv0 to 5505024 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 5505024 blocks long.
[root@centos6 lv0]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             79G  5.6G   70G   8% /
tmpfs                491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1            190M   39M  142M  22% /boot
/dev/sda3             20G   44M   19G   1% /testdir
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   83M  1.8G   5% /mnt/test
/dev/sdc1            2.0G   83M  1.8G   5% /home
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   21G   42M   20G   1% /mnt/lv0
##############新增逻辑卷组及加入逻辑卷################
[root@centos6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde1
Physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully created
[root@centos6 ~]# vgextend /dev/vg0/ /dev/sde
sde   sde1
[root@centos6 ~]# vgextend /dev/vg0/ /dev/sde1
Volume group name "vg0/" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group vg0/
[root@centos6 ~]# vgextend vg0  /dev/sde1
Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
[root@centos6 ~]# vgs
VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
vg0    3   1   0 wz--n- 43.00g 22.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# lvs \
>
LV   VG   Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv0  vg0  -wi-ao---- 21.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdc2  vg0  lvm2 a--u 10.00g  9.00g
/dev/sdd   vg0  lvm2 a--u 20.00g     0
/dev/sde1  vg0  lvm2 a--u 13.00g 13.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# lvcreate -L +13G /dev/vg0/lv0
Volume group name expected (no slash)
Run `lvcreate --help' for more information.
[root@centos6 ~]# lvextend -L +13G /dev/vg0/lv0
Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 21.00 GiB (5376 extents) to 34.00 GiB (8704extents).
Logical volume lv0 successfully resized.
[root@centos6 ~]# lvs
LV   VG   Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv0  vg0  -wi-ao---- 34.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg0/lv0 is mounted on /mnt/lv0; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg0/lv0 to 8912896 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 8912896 blocks long.
[root@centos6 ~]# df -h |grep "vg0-lv0"
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   34G   45M   32G   1% /mnt/lv0
################删除lv/vg/pv##################
[root@centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                 11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom
sda                  8:0    0  120G  0 disk
├─sda1               8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2               8:2    0   80G  0 part /
├─sda3               8:3    0   20G  0 part /testdir
├─sda4               8:4    0    1K  0 part
├─sda5               8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda6               8:6    0    2G  0 part
sdb                  8:16   0  120G  0 disk
└─sdb1               8:17   0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sdc                  8:32   0   20G  0 disk
├─sdc2               8:34   0   10G  0 part
│ └─vg0-lv0 (dm-0) 253:0    0   34G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv0
└─sdc1               8:33   0    2G  0 part /mnt/test
sdd                  8:48   0   20G  0 disk
└─vg0-lv0 (dm-0)   253:0    0   34G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv0
sde                  8:64   0   20G  0 disk
└─sde1               8:65   0   13G  0 part
└─vg0-lv0 (dm-0) 253:0    0   34G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv0
sdf                  8:80   0   20G  0 disk
[root@centos6 ~]# lvs
LV   VG   Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv0  vg0  -wi-ao---- 34.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0
Logical volume vg0/lv0 contains a filesystem in use.
[root@centos6 ~]# umount /mnt/lv0/
[root@centos6 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv0? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv0" successfully removed
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdc2  vg0  lvm2 a--u 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdd   vg0  lvm2 a--u 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sde1  vg0  lvm2 a--u 13.00g 13.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc2 --force
WARNING: PV /dev/sdc2 belongs to Volume Group vg0 (consider using vgreduce).
/dev/sdc2: physical volume label not removed.
(If you are certain you need pvremove, then confirm by using --force twice.)
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdc2  vg0  lvm2 a--u 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdd   vg0  lvm2 a--u 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sde1  vg0  lvm2 a--u 13.00g 13.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc2 --force
WARNING: PV /dev/sdc2 belongs to Volume Group vg0 (consider using vgreduce).
/dev/sdc2: physical volume label not removed.
(If you are certain you need pvremove, then confirm by using --force twice.)
[root@centos6 ~]# lvs
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdc2  vg0  lvm2 a--u 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdd   vg0  lvm2 a--u 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sde1  vg0  lvm2 a--u 13.00g 13.00g
[root@centos6 ~]# vgremove vg0
Volume group "vg0" successfully removed
[root@centos6 ~]# vgs
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdc2       lvm2 ---- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdd        lvm2 ---- 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sde1       lvm2 ---- 13.01g 13.01g
[root@centos6 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc2
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully wiped
[root@centos6 ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sdd        lvm2 ---- 20.00g 20.00g
/dev/sde1       lvm2 ---- 13.01g 13.01g
[root@centos6 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdd
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully wiped
[root@centos6 ~]# pvremove /dev/sde1
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully wiped
[root@centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom
sda      8:0    0  120G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0   80G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0   20G  0 part /testdir
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part
├─sda5   8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda6   8:6    0    2G  0 part
sdb      8:16   0  120G  0 disk
└─sdb1   8:17   0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sdc      8:32   0   20G  0 disk
├─sdc2   8:34   0   10G  0 part
└─sdc1   8:33   0    2G  0 part /mnt/test
sdd      8:48   0   20G  0 disk
sde      8:64   0   20G  0 disk
└─sde1   8:65   0   13G  0 part
sdf      8:80   0   20G  0 disk
[root@centos6 ~]#
################演示成功#################

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