MongoDB入门（3）- MongoDB备份与恢复

1. 备份

mongodump.exe -h localhost -d database_name -o d:\mongodump

-h：MongDB所在服务器地址，例如：127.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：127.0.0.1:27017
-d：需要备份的数据库实例，例如：database_name
-o：备份的数据存放位置，例如：d:\mongodump，当然该目录需要提前建立，在备份完成后，
系统自动在dump目录下建立一个database_name目录，这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。

Export MongoDB data to BSON files.

Options:
--help                                produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
messages
--version                             print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
name>/s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
hostname:port
--ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
-u [ --username ] arg                 username
-p [ --password ] arg                 password
--authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
--dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
in the given path, instead of
connecting to a mongod  server - needs
to lock the data directory, so cannot
be used if a mongod is currently
accessing the same path
--directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
(relevant only if dbpath specified)
--journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
dbpath specified)
-d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
-o [ --out ] arg (=dump)              output directory or "-" for stdout
-q [ --query ] arg                    json query
--oplog                               Use oplog for point-in-time
snapshotting
--repair                              try to recover a crashed database
--forceTableScan                      force a table scan (do not use
$snapshot)
--dumpDbUsersAndRoles                 Dump user and role definitions for the
given database

2. 恢复

mongorestore.exe -h localhost -d database_name –directoryperdb d:\mongodump\database_name

mongorestore.exe -h localhost /db jxs_database /dir d:\dbdump\jxs_database

-h：MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d：需要恢复的数据库实例，例如：database_name，当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样，比如test2
–directoryperdb：备份数据所在位置，例如：d:\mongodump\database_name
–drop：恢复的时候，先删除当前数据，然后恢复备份的数据。就是说，恢复后，备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除，慎用.

Import BSON files into MongoDB.

usage: mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]
Options:
--help                                produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
messages
--version                             print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
name>/s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
hostname:port
--ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
-u [ --username ] arg                 username
-p [ --password ] arg                 password
--authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
--dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
in the given path, instead of
connecting to a mongod  server - needs
to lock the data directory, so cannot
be used if a mongod is currently
accessing the same path
--directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
(relevant only if dbpath specified)
--journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
dbpath specified)
-d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
--objcheck                            validate object before inserting
(default)
--noobjcheck                          don't validate object before inserting
--filter arg                          filter to apply before inserting
--drop                                drop each collection before import
--oplogReplay                         replay oplog for point-in-time restore
--oplogLimit arg                      include oplog entries before the
provided Timestamp (seconds[:ordinal])
during the oplog replay; the ordinal
value is optional
--keepIndexVersion                    don't upgrade indexes to newest version
--noOptionsRestore                    don't restore collection options
--noIndexRestore                      don't restore indexes
--restoreDbUsersAndRoles              Restore user and role definitions for
the given database
--w arg (=0)                          minimum number of replicas per write

3. 单collection备份

mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory

-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例
-c: 需要恢复的集合
-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)
-o: 表示导出的文件名

Export MongoDB data to CSV, TSV or JSON files.

Options:
--help                                produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
messages
--version                             print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
name>/s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
hostname:port
--ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
-u [ --username ] arg                 username
-p [ --password ] arg                 password
--authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
--dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
in the given path, instead of
connecting to a mongod  server - needs
to lock the data directory, so cannot
be used if a mongod is currently
accessing the same path
--directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
(relevant only if dbpath specified)
--journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
dbpath specified)
-d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg                   comma separated list of field names
e.g. -f name,age
--fieldFile arg                       file with field names - 1 per line
-q [ --query ] arg                    query filter, as a JSON string, e.g.,
'{x:{$gt:1}}'
--csv                                 export to csv instead of json
-o [ --out ] arg                      output file; if not specified, stdout
is used
--jsonArray                           output to a json array rather than one
object per line
-k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1)             use secondaries for export if
available, default true
--forceTableScan                      force a table scan (do not use
$snapshot)
--skip arg (=0)                       documents to skip, default 0
--limit arg (=0)                      limit the numbers of documents
returned, default all
--sort arg                            sort order, as a JSON string, e.g.,
'{x:1}'

4. 单collection恢复

mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file

-type: 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline: 批明不导入第一行，因为第一行是列名
-file: 指明要导入的文件路径

Import CSV, TSV or JSON data into MongoDB.

When importing JSON documents, each document must be a separate line of the input file.

Example:
mongoimport --host myhost --db my_cms --collection docs < mydocfile.json

Options:
--help                                produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
messages
--version                             print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
name>/s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
hostname:port
--ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
-u [ --username ] arg                 username
-p [ --password ] arg                 password
--authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
--dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
in the given path, instead of
connecting to a mongod  server - needs
to lock the data directory, so cannot
be used if a mongod is currently
accessing the same path
--directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
(relevant only if dbpath specified)
--journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
dbpath specified)
-d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg                   comma separated list of field names
e.g. -f name,age
--fieldFile arg                       file with field names - 1 per line
--ignoreBlanks                        if given, empty fields in csv and tsv
will be ignored
--type arg                            type of file to import.  default: json
(json,csv,tsv)
--file arg                            file to import from; if not specified
stdin is used
--drop                                drop collection first
--headerline                          first line in input file is a header
(CSV and TSV only)
--upsert                              insert or update objects that already
exist
--upsertFields arg                    comma-separated fields for the query
part of the upsert. You should make
sure this is indexed
--stopOnError                         stop importing at first error rather
than continuing
--jsonArray                           load a json array, not one item per
line. Currently limited to 16MB.