Android接收和发送短信

每一部手机都具有短信接收和发送功能，下面我们通过代码来实现接收和发送短信功能。

一、接收短信

1、创建内部广播接收器类，接收系统发出的短信广播

2、从获得的内容中解析出短信发送者和短信内容

3、在Activity中注册广播

4、添加接收短信权限

下面放上具体的代码

activity_main.xml文件用于显示短信发送者号码和显示短信内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/sms_from"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="20dp"
android:text="From" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/sms_from_txt"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="20dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/sms_from"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/sms_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="20dp"
android:layout_below="@id/sms_from"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:text="Content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/sms_content_txt"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="20dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:layout_below="@id/sms_from_txt"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/sms_content"/>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextView fromTv;
private TextView contentTv;

private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private MessageReceiver messageReceiver;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

initView();
getSms();
}

private void getSms() {
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();                                 intentFilter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
messageReceiver = new MessageReceiver();
//设置较高的优先级
intentFilter.setPriority(100);
registerReceiver(messageReceiver, intentFilter);
}

private void initView() {
fromTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sms_from_txt);
contentTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sms_content_txt);
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(messageReceiver);
}

class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
//提取短信消息
Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
}
//获取发送方号码
String address = messages[0].getOriginatingAddress();

String fullMessage = "";
for (SmsMessage message : messages) {
//获取短信内容
fullMessage += message.getMessageBody();
}
//截断广播,阻止其继续被Android自带的短信程序接收到
abortBroadcast();
fromTv.setText(address);
contentTv.setText(fullMessage);
}
}
}

注：注册的广播接收器，一定要在OnDestroy()方法中取消注册。

由于短信广播是有序广播，如果我们不想让Android自带的短信程序接收到短信，就可以设置我们自身接收器的优先级，同时在我们接受完广播后将广播截断，阻止其被Android自带的短信程序接收到。

二、发送短信

1、获取接收者的号码和短信内容

2、获得短信发送管理实例

3、构造PendingIntent启动短信发送状态监控广播

4、调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信

5、构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功

6、获得广播接收器实例和IntentFilter实例，注册广播接收器

7、在onDestroy()中取消注册的广播接收器

8、在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限

下面放上具体的布局文件和代码

activity_send_msg.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/to_ed"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:hint="to"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/to_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_below="@id/to_ed"
android:hint="content"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/send_msg"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_below="@id/to_content"
android:text="@string/send_message"/>
</RelativeLayout>

SendMsgActivity.java文件

public class SendMsgActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private Context context;
private EditText toEdit;
private EditText toContent;
private IntentFilter sendFilter;
private SendStatusReceiver sendStatusReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_send_msg);
context = this;
initView();
}

private void initView() {
toEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to_ed);
toContent = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to_content);
//添加发送按钮的点击监听事件
Button sendMsg = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_msg);
sendMsg.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.send_msg:
sendMessage();
break;
default:
break;
}
}

private void sendMessage() {
//获取短信接收者号码
String to = toEdit.getText().toString();
//获取发送短信内容
String content = toContent.getText().toString();
//获得广播接收器实例和IntentFilter实例
sendStatusReceiver = new SendStatusReceiver();
sendFilter = new IntentFilter();
sendFilter.addAction("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
//注册广播监听
registerReceiver(sendStatusReceiver, sendFilter);
//构造PendingIntent启动短信发送状态监控广播
Intent sendIntent = new Intent("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, sendIntent, 0);
//获得短信管理实例
SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();

//调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信(第一、三、四参数依次为接收者号码,短信内容,短信发送状态监控的PendingIntent)
smsManager.sendTextMessage(to, null, content, pi, null);
}

/**
* 构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功
*/
class SendStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (getResultCode() == RESULT_OK){
Toast.makeText(context, "successful", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(context, "failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//取消注册的广播
unregisterReceiver(sendStatusReceiver);
}
}

在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>