Android开发之Service与多个Activity通信
2016-08-09 23:18
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由于项目需要，我们有时候需要在service中处理耗时操作，然后将结果发送给activity以更新状态。通常情况下，我们只需要在一个service与一个activity之间通信，通常这种情况下，我们使用最多的是通过回调接口。具体做法是在service中定义一个接口，在activity中实现该接口，并通过bindservice来传入。实现方式很简单，在此不再赘述。
当需要将service中的结果一次发送给多个activity时，我们又该如何实现呢？经过多个项目的积累，总结了三种实现的方式。分别是回调接口、广播接收者和观察者模式。
1.回调接口的方式，与单个service与单个activity通信类似，只是将service中的接口变为接口的集合，每个需要通信的activity都实现接口，然后在获取结果后，循环调用集合中的实现类，来与多个activity进行通信，代码如下：
Service类：
第一个activity：
第二个activity：
2.通过广播接收者，在service中执行完耗时操作后，将结果以广播的形式发送，在所有的activity中注册广播，接收到结果后更新UI，这种方式比较简单，也是笔者比较推荐的方式。因为耗时的操作结果不需要以handler的方式发送到主线程，可以直接在子线程中发送广播，接收者始终运行在主线程中。代码如下：
Service类：
第一个activity：
另一个activity：
3.使用观察者模式，service为被观察者，所有的activity为观察者，当service中的内容发生改变时，通知所有的activity来更新，代码如下：
Service类：
第一个activity：
第二个activity：
附上其他相关代码，三种方式都一样：
Person类：
MainActiivty的布局文件
OtherActivity的布局文件：
View
Code
由于笔者的水平有限，如有错漏，请各位留言指正，感激不尽！
当需要将service中的结果一次发送给多个activity时，我们又该如何实现呢？经过多个项目的积累，总结了三种实现的方式。分别是回调接口、广播接收者和观察者模式。
1.回调接口的方式，与单个service与单个activity通信类似，只是将service中的接口变为接口的集合，每个需要通信的activity都实现接口，然后在获取结果后，循环调用集合中的实现类，来与多个activity进行通信，代码如下：
Service类：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
public class ContentService extends Service {
//回调接口的集合
private List<Callback> list;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new LocalBinder();
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
list = new ArrayList<Callback>();
}
public final class LocalBinder extends Binder {
public ContentService getService() {
return ContentService.this;
}
}
/**
* 回调接口
* @author Ivan Xu
*
*/
public interface Callback {
public void getPerson(Person person);
}
/**
* 往回调接口集合中添加一个实现类
* @param callback
*/
public void addCallback(Callback callback) {
list.add(callback);
}
public void asyncSendPerson(final String name) {
// 休息5秒，模拟异步任务
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, name));
}
}).start();
}
private Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String name = (String) msg.obj;
Log.i("ContentService", "---name-->" + name);
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(name);
Log.i("ContentService", "---list.size()-->" + list.size());
Log.i("ContentService", "---person-->" + person.toString());
//遍历集合，通知所有的实现类，即activity
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
list.get(i).getPerson(person);
}
}
};
}第一个activity：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.Callback;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.LocalBinder;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements Callback {
private MyServiceConn conn;
private ContentService service;
private TextView mContent;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
conn=new MyServiceConn();
bindService(new Intent(this, ContentService.class), conn,
BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);
this.findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(
new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this,
OtherActivity.class));
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
public class MyServiceConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
service = ((LocalBinder) binder).getService();
//将当前activity添加到接口集合中
service.addCallback(MainActivity.this);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
service = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
/**
* 获取回调的内容，更新UI
*/
@Override
public void getPerson(Person person) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mContent.setText(person.toString());
}
}第二个activity：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.Callback;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.LocalBinder;
import com.example.servicecallback.MainActivity.MyServiceConn;
public class OtherActivity extends Activity implements Callback {
private ContentService service;
private TextView mContent;
private Button mSubmit;
private EditText mEditText;
private ServiceConnection conn;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.other);
mEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext);
mSubmit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
mContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);
mSubmit.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String name = mEditText.getText().toString();
service.asyncSendPerson(name);
}
});
conn=new MyServiceConn();
bindService(new Intent(OtherActivity.this, ContentService.class), conn,
BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
public final class MyServiceConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
service = ((LocalBinder) binder).getService();
//将当前activity添加到接口集合中
service.addCallback(OtherActivity.this);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
service = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
/**
* 获取回调的内容，更新UI
*/
@Override
public void getPerson(Person person) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
mContent.setText(person.toString());
}
}2.通过广播接收者，在service中执行完耗时操作后，将结果以广播的形式发送，在所有的activity中注册广播，接收到结果后更新UI，这种方式比较简单，也是笔者比较推荐的方式。因为耗时的操作结果不需要以handler的方式发送到主线程，可以直接在子线程中发送广播，接收者始终运行在主线程中。代码如下：
Service类：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
public class ContentService extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new LocalBinder();
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
}
public final class LocalBinder extends Binder {
public ContentService getService() {
return ContentService.this;
}
}
public void asyncSendPerson(final String name) {
// 休息5秒，模拟异步任务
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//可以在子线程中直接发送广播
sendContentBroadcast(name);
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 发送广播
* @param name
*/
protected void sendContentBroadcast(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.example.servicecallback.content");
intent.putExtra("name", name);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}第一个activity：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private MyServiceConn conn;
private TextView mContent;
private ContentReceiver mReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
conn = new MyServiceConn();
bindService(new Intent(this, ContentService.class), conn,
BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);
this.findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(
new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this,
OtherActivity.class));
}
});
doRegisterReceiver();
}
/**
* 注册广播接收者
*/
private void doRegisterReceiver() {
mReceiver=new ContentReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(
"com.example.servicecallback.content");
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
public class MyServiceConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
// service = ((LocalBinder) binder).getService();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// service = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
if (mReceiver!=null) {
unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
}
}
public class ContentReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String name = intent.getStringExtra("name");
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(name);
mContent.setText(person.toString());
}
}
}另一个activity：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.LocalBinder;
public class OtherActivity extends Activity {
private ContentService service;
private TextView mContent;
private Button mSubmit;
private EditText mEditText;
private ServiceConnection conn;
private ContentReceiver mReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.other);
mEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext);
mSubmit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
mContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);
mSubmit.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String name = mEditText.getText().toString();
service.asyncSendPerson(name);
}
});
conn=new MyServiceConn();
bindService(new Intent(OtherActivity.this, ContentService.class), conn,
BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
doRegisterReceiver();
}
private void doRegisterReceiver() {
mReceiver=new ContentReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(
"com.example.servicecallback.content");
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
}
public final class MyServiceConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
service = ((LocalBinder) binder).getService();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
service = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
if (mReceiver!=null) {
unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
}
}
public class ContentReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String name = intent.getStringExtra("name");
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(name);
mContent.setText(person.toString());
}
}
}3.使用观察者模式，service为被观察者，所有的activity为观察者，当service中的内容发生改变时，通知所有的activity来更新，代码如下：
Service类：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
public class ContentService extends Service {
//被观察者
private MyObservable mObservable;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return new LocalBinder();
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mObservable = new MyObservable();
}
public final class LocalBinder extends Binder {
public ContentService getService() {
return ContentService.this;
}
}
public void asyncSendPerson(final String name) {
// 休息5秒，模拟异步任务
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, name));
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 添加观察者
* @param observer
*/
public void addObserver(Observer observer) {
mObservable.addObserver(observer);
}
private Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
String name = (String) msg.obj;
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(name);
//通知更新
mObservable.notifyChanged(person);
}
};
public class MyObservable extends Observable {
public void notifyChanged(Object object) {
this.setChanged();
this.notifyObservers(object);
}
}
}第一个activity：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.LocalBinder;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements Observer {
private MyServiceConn conn;
private TextView mContent;
private ContentService mService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
conn = new MyServiceConn();
bindService(new Intent(this, ContentService.class), conn,
BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);
this.findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(
new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this,
OtherActivity.class));
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
public class MyServiceConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
mService = ((LocalBinder) binder).getService();
//将当前activity添加为观察者
mService.addObserver(MainActivity.this);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
mService = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
//更新UI
@Override
public void update(Observable observable, Object data) {
Person person = (Person) data;
mContent.setText(person.toString());
}
}第二个activity：
package com.example.servicecallback;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.servicecallback.ContentService.LocalBinder;
public class OtherActivity extends Activity implements Observer {
private ContentService service;
private TextView mContent;
private Button mSubmit;
private EditText mEditText;
private ServiceConnection conn;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.other);
mEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext);
mSubmit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
mContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content);
mSubmit.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String name = mEditText.getText().toString();
service.asyncSendPerson(name);
}
});
conn = new MyServiceConn();
bindService(new Intent(OtherActivity.this, ContentService.class), conn,
BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
public final class MyServiceConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
service = ((LocalBinder) binder).getService();
//将当前activity添加为观察者
service.addObserver(OtherActivity.this);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
service = null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unbindService(conn);
}
//更新UI
@Override
public void update(Observable observable, Object data) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Person person=(Person) data;
mContent.setText(person.toString());
}
}附上其他相关代码，三种方式都一样：
Person类：
package com.example.servicecallback;
public class Person {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + "]";
}
}MainActiivty的布局文件
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity" > <Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="next" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/content" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello_world" /> </LinearLayout>
OtherActivity的布局文件：
View
Code
由于笔者的水平有限，如有错漏，请各位留言指正，感激不尽！
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