搭建一个优雅的ubuntu开发环境

源设置

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

163源地址

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe   multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云服务器

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云kali源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali sana main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security/ sana/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security/ sana/updates main contrib non-free

系统更新

apt-get update

update-manager -c  -d *（查看是否有最新系统版本可以升级）*

apt-get dist-upgrade *（开始检测并升级所有可升级的系统软件资源【不包括系统版本】）*

apt-get upgrade *（进行普通正常的升级检测，如果有可以升级的就可以进行升级）*

设置桌面图标

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=RubyMine
Icon=/usr/lib/RubyMine-7.1.4/bin/rubymine.png
Exec="/home/lamb/work/xxx/bin/xxx.sh" %f
Comment=Develop with pleasure!
Categories=Development;IDE;
Terminal=false
StartupWMClass=jetbrains-rubymine

配置环境变量

/etc/profile

为系统的每个用户设置环境信息,当用户第一次登录时,该文件被执行。我们一般在这里为所有用户设置全局环境变量。

/etc/bashrc

为每一个运行bash shell的用户执行此文件。当bash shell被打开时,该文件被读取。

~/.bash_profile

每个用户都可使用该文件输入专用于自己使用的shell信息。 当用户登录时，该文件仅仅执行一次！

~/.bashrc

该文件包含专用于你的bash shell的bash信息，当登录时以及每次打开新的shell时，该文件被读取。

~/.bash_logout

当每次退出系统(退出bash shell)时，执行该文件。

执行方式

当你登录并且登录shell是bash时，bash首先执行/etc/profile文件中的命令(如果该文件存在)，然后它顺序寻找~/.bash_profile、~/.bash_login或~/.profile文件，并执行找到的第一个可读文件中的命令。当登录bash退出时，它 将执行~/.bash_logout文件中的命令。

当启动一个交互的bash时，它将执行~/.bashrc文件中的命令(如果该文件存在并且可读)。当非交互地启动以运行一个shell脚本时,bash将查找bash_env环境变量，确定执行文件的名称。

常见软件安装

包管理

apt-cache search package 搜索包
apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
apt-cache showpkg package 显示许多细节，以及和其它包裹的关系
apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖
apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = ——fix-missing"
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

SSH安装

apt-get install openssh-server

GIT安装

apt-get install git

autojump安装

sudo apt-get install autojump

oh-my-zsh安装

curl

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"[/code] 
wget

sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"


如果需要更多使用技巧，请参考：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh。

搭建自己的vim开发环境
sudo apt-get install vim


在 .vim 目录中建立 bundle 目录，以后Vundle自动下载的插件都保存在这里。然后，进入 Bundle 目录，使用 git clone 命令下载 vundle。

cd ~/.vim
mkdir bundle
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim


配置bundle支持，.vimrc添加如下内容：

set nocompatible              " be iMproved, required
filetype off                  " required

" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
"call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')

" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'

" The following are examples of different formats supported.
" Keep Plugin commands between vundle#begin/end.
" plugin on GitHub repo
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
" plugin from http://vim-scripts.org/vim/scripts.html "Plugin 'L9'
" Git plugin not hosted on GitHub
"Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git'
" git repos on your local machine (i.e. when working on your own plugin)
"Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin'
" The sparkup vim script is in a subdirectory of this repo called vim.
" Pass the path to set the runtimepath properly.
Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'}
" Install L9 and avoid a Naming conflict if you've already installed a
" different version somewhere else.
Plugin 'ascenator/L9', {'name': 'newL9'}

Bundle 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Bundle "taglist.vim"
Bundle "ctags.vim"
Bundle "a.vim"
Plugin 'bling/vim-airline'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-commentary'
Plugin 'altercation/vim-colors-solarized'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Plugin 'godlygeek/tabular'

" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end()            " required
filetype plugin indent on    " required
" To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use:
"filetype plugin on
"
" Brief help
" :PluginList       - lists configured plugins
" :PluginInstall    - installs plugins; append `!` to update or just :PluginUpdate
" :PluginSearch foo - searches for foo; append `!` to refresh local cache
" :PluginClean      - confirms removal of unused plugins; append `!` to auto-approve removal
"
" see :h vundle for more details or wiki for FAQ
" Put your non-Plugin stuff after this line


打开一个vim, 运行

:BundleInstall


常用命令

更新插件:BundleUpdate
清除不再使用的插件:BundleClean
列出所有插件:BundleList
查找插件:BundleSearch


其它设置，在.vimrc中添加

"配置NERD Tree
map <F10> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
filetype on
syntax on
set autoindent
set smartindent
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set showmatch
set ruler
set number


更多使用技巧，参考：http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Vim_Tips_Wiki。

报错YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim 7.4.143+，解决办法：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/vim
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install vim-nox


安装ctags
sudo apt-get install exuberant-ctags


.vimrc中添加

Bundle "taglist.vim"


JDK安装
tar zxvf ./jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C  /usr/lib/

vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk1.7.0_45
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile


RUBY安装
add-apt-repository ppa:costamagnagianfranco/ettercap-stable-backports

apt-get update

apt-get install curl

curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

source ~/.bashrc

rvm install 2.1.0

rvm use 2.1.0 --default

gem source -r http://rubygems.org/ 
gem sources --add https://ruby.taobao.org/ 
gem source

gem install bundler

gem install rails


RubyMine安装
tar zxvf ./RubyMine-7.1.4.tar.gz  -C  /usr/lib/


PYTHON安装
apt-get install python-pip


NODEJS安装
tar zxvf ./ node-v4.2.4-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C  /usr/lib/

vim ~/.bashrc

export NODE_HOME=/usr/lib/node-v4.2.4-linux-x64
export PATH=${NODE_HOME}/bin:$PATH

source ~/.bashrc


GO安装
tar zxvf go1.5.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz  -C  /usr/lib/

vim ~/.bashrc

export GOROOT=/usr/lib/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

source ~/.bashrc


阅读 Linux 内核源代码
搜索内核源码版本
sudo apt-cache search linux-source

sudo apt-get install linux-source


查看Linux 内核源代码
进入 Linux 内核源代码包的安装目录，解压 Linux 内核源代码，并生成 tags 文件

sudo tar jxvf linux-source-3.13.0.tar.bz2
cd linux-source-3.13.0
sudo ctags -R


阅读代码前，需要告诉 Vim 使用哪一个 tags 文件，在这里，就是刚刚使用 ctags 生成的文件，可以通过 :set tags=/usr/src/linux-source-3.13.0/tags 来设置。如果需要启动vim时，自动设置tags，可以在.vimrc添加如下内容：

set tags=/usr/src/linux-source-3.13.0/tags


最后，启动 Vim，找到相应的代码进行浏览。如果编辑的是一个目录的话（如下面的 :e . 命令，表示编辑当前目录），会自动跳出 The-NERD-tree 的界面，在目录之间导航非常方便。