控制并发阶段性任务的改变
2016-07-18 00:01
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控制并发阶段性任务的改变
Phaser 类提供每次phaser改变阶段都会执行的方法。它是 onAdvance() 方法。它接收2个参数:当前阶段数和注册的参与者数;它返回 Boolean 值,如果phaser继续它的执行,则为 false;否则为真,即phaser结束运行并进入 termination 状态。如果注册参与者为0,此方法的默认的实现值为真,要不然就是false。如果你扩展Phaser类并覆盖此方法,那么你可以修改它的行为。通常,当你要从一个phase到另一个,来执行一些行动时,你会对这么做感兴趣的。
在这个指南,你将学习如何控制phaser的 phase的改变,通过实现自定义版本的 Phaser类并覆盖 onAdvance() 方法来执行一些每个phase 都会改变的行动。你将要实现一个模拟测验,有些学生要完成他们的练习。全部的学生都必须完成同一个练习才能继续下一个练习。
按照这些步骤来实现下面的例子
package com.packtpub.java7.concurrency.chapter3.recipe6.task; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.Phaser; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Implements a subclass of the Phaser class. Overrides the onAdvance method to * control the change of phase * */ public class MyPhaser extends Phaser { /** * This method is called when the last register thread calls one of the * advance methods in the actual phase * * @param phase * Actual phase * @param registeredParties * Number of registered threads * @return false to advance the phase, true to finish */ @Override protected boolean onAdvance(int phase, int registeredParties) { switch (phase) { case 0: return studentsArrived(); case 1: return finishFirstExercise(); case 2: return finishSecondExercise(); case 3: return finishExam(); default: return true; } } /** * This method is called in the change from phase 0 to phase 1 * * @return false to continue with the execution */ private boolean studentsArrived() { System.out .printf("Phaser: The exam are going to start. The students are ready.\n"); System.out.printf("Phaser: We have %d students.\n", getRegisteredParties()); return false; } /** * This method is called in the change from phase 1 to phase 2 * * @return false to continue with the execution */ private boolean finishFirstExercise() { System.out .printf("Phaser: All the students has finished the first exercise.\n"); System.out.printf("Phaser: It's turn for the second one.\n"); return false; } /** * This method is called in the change form phase 2 to phase 3 * * @return false to continue with the execution */ private boolean finishSecondExercise() { System.out .printf("Phaser: All the students has finished the second exercise.\n"); System.out.printf("Phaser: It's turn for the third one.\n"); return false; } /** * This method is called in the change from phase 3 to phase 4 * * @return true. There are no more phases */ private boolean finishExam() { System.out.printf("Phaser: All the students has finished the exam.\n"); System.out.printf("Phaser: Thank you for your time.\n"); return true; } public static void main(String[] args) { // Creates the Phaser MyPhaser phaser = new MyPhaser(); // Creates 5 students and register them in the phaser Student students[] = new Student[5]; for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) { students[i] = new Student(phaser); phaser.register(); } // Create 5 threads for the students and start them Thread threads[] = new Thread[students.length]; for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) { threads[i] = new Thread(students[i], "Student " + i); threads[i].start(); } // Wait for the finalization of the threads for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) { try { threads[i].join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // Check that the Phaser is in the Terminated state System.out.printf("Main: The phaser has finished: %s.\n", phaser.isTerminated()); } } class Student implements Runnable { /** * Phaser to control the execution */ private Phaser phaser; /** * Constructor of the class. Initialize its objects * * @param phaser * Phaser to control the execution */ public Student(Phaser phaser) { this.phaser = phaser; } /** * Main method of the student. It arrives to the exam and does three * exercises. After each exercise, it calls the phaser to wait that all * the students finishes the same exercise */ public void run() { System.out.printf("%s: Has arrived to do the exam. %s\n", Thread .currentThread().getName(), new Date()); phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); System.out.printf("%s: Is going to do the first exercise. %s\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), new Date()); doExercise1(); System.out.printf("%s: Has done the first exercise. %s\n", Thread .currentThread().getName(), new Date()); phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); System.out.printf("%s: Is going to do the second exercise. %s\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), new Date()); doExercise2(); System.out.printf("%s: Has done the second exercise. %s\n", Thread .currentThread().getName(), new Date()); phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); System.out.printf("%s: Is going to do the third exercise. %s\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), new Date()); doExercise3(); System.out.printf("%s: Has finished the exam. %s\n", Thread .currentThread().getName(), new Date()); phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); } /** * Does an exercise is to wait a random time */ private void doExercise1() { try { Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * Does an exercise is wait a random time */ private void doExercise2() { try { Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * Does an exercise is wait a random time */ private void doExercise3() { try { Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
结果
Student 0: Has arrived to do the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 4: Has arrived to do the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 2: Has arrived to do the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 1: Has arrived to do the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 3: Has arrived to do the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Phaser: The exam are going to start. The students are ready.
Phaser: We have 5 students.
Student 2: Is going to do the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 3: Is going to do the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 4: Is going to do the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 1: Is going to do the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 0: Is going to do the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 3: Has done the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:44 CST 2016
Student 2: Has done the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:47 CST 2016
Student 0: Has done the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:50 CST 2016
Student 4: Has done the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:51 CST 2016
Student 1: Has done the first exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:52 CST 2016
Phaser: All the students has finished the first exercise.
Phaser: It’s turn for the second one.
Student 2: Is going to do the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:52 CST 2016
Student 1: Is going to do the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:52 CST 2016
Student 3: Is going to do the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:52 CST 2016
Student 4: Is going to do the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:52 CST 2016
Student 0: Is going to do the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:52 CST 2016
Student 1: Has done the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:56 CST 2016
Student 3: Has done the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:59 CST 2016
Student 2: Has done the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:59 CST 2016
Student 0: Has done the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:58:59 CST 2016
Student 4: Has done the second exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:59:00 CST 2016
Phaser: All the students has finished the second exercise.
Phaser: It’s turn for the third one.
Student 3: Is going to do the third exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:59:00 CST 2016
Student 4: Is going to do the third exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:59:00 CST 2016
Student 1: Is going to do the third exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:59:00 CST 2016
Student 2: Is going to do the third exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:59:00 CST 2016
Student 0: Is going to do the third exercise. Sun Jul 17 23:59:00 CST 2016
Student 0: Has finished the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:59:04 CST 2016
Student 4: Has finished the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:59:06 CST 2016
Student 1: Has finished the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:59:07 CST 2016
Student 2: Has finished the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:59:07 CST 2016
Student 3: Has finished the exam. Sun Jul 17 23:59:08 CST 2016
Phaser: All the students has finished the exam.
Phaser: Thank you for your time.
Main: The phaser has finished: true.
它是怎么工作的…
这个练习模拟了有3个测验的真实测试。全部的学生必须都完成同一个测试才能开始下一个测试。为了实现这个必须使用同步,我们使用了Phaser类,但是你实现了你自己的phaser通过扩展原来的类,并覆盖onAdvance() 方法.在阶段改变之前和在唤醒 arriveAndAwaitAdvance() 方法中休眠的全部线程们之前,此方法被 phaser 调用。这个方法接收当前阶段数作为参数,0是第一个phase ,还有注册的参与者数。最有用的参数是actual phase。如果你要基于不同的当前阶段执行不同的操作,那么你必须使用选择性结构(if/else 或 switch)来选择你想执行的操作。例子里,我们使用了 switch 结构来为每个phase的改变选择不同的方法。
onAdvance() 方法返回 Boolean 值表明 phaser 终结与否。如果返回 false 值,表示它还没有终结,那么线程将继续执行其他phases。如果phaser 返回真值,那么phaser将叫醒全部待定的线程们,并且转移phaser到terminated 状态,所以之后的任何对phaser的方法的调用都会被立刻返回,还有isTerminated() 方法将返回真值。
在核心类,当你创建 MyPhaser 对象,在phaser中你不用表示参与者的数量。你为每个 Student 对象调用了 register() 方法创建了phaser的参与者的注册。这个调用不会在Student 对象或者执行它的线程与phaser之间这个建立任何关系。 说真的,phaser的参与者数就是个数字而已。phaser与参与者之间没有任何关系。
转自:http://ifeve.com/thread-synchronization-utilities-7/
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