[php-src]窥探Php内核中的数组与面向对象

内容均以php5.6.14为例.

扩展中定义一个类有以下四步：

#1. 声明一个存储类信息的指针.

zend_class_entry *errs_ce;

#2. 定义方法的参数信息，类的方法实现.

ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(errs_test_arginfo, 0, 0, 1)
ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, arg)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()

PHP_METHOD(errs, test) {
}

#3. 声明一个含有类方法信息的数组; 统一用含有三个NULL的数组结尾.

zend_function_entry errs_methods[] = {
PHP_ME(errs, test, errs_test_arginfo, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
{NULL, NULL, NULL}
}; /* 注意 errs_methods 结尾要加分号。 */

#4. 模块初始化 MINIT 中注册.

PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(testmodule)
{
zend_class_entry ce;
　　　 /* init class entry */
INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "errs", errs_methods);
　　　 /* register */
errs_ce = zend_register_internal_class(&ce TSRMLS_CC);
　　　 /* flags */
errs_ce->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_FINAL_CLASS;

return SUCCESS;
}

zend_class_entry 是实现PHP类和对象的基础结构类型。

./Zend/zend.h:302

/*
* zval
*/
typedef struct _zend_class_entry zend_class_entry;

....

struct _zend_class_entry {
char type;
const char *name;
zend_uint name_length;
struct _zend_class_entry *parent;
int refcount;
zend_uint ce_flags;

HashTable function_table;
HashTable properties_info;
zval **default_properties_table;
zval **default_static_members_table;
zval **static_members_table;
HashTable constants_table;
int default_properties_count;
int default_static_members_count;

union _zend_function *constructor;
union _zend_function *destructor;
union _zend_function *clone;
union _zend_function *__get;
union _zend_function *__set;
union _zend_function *__unset;
union _zend_function *__isset;
union _zend_function *__call;
union _zend_function *__callstatic;
union _zend_function *__tostring;
union _zend_function *__debugInfo;
union _zend_function *serialize_func;
union _zend_function *unserialize_func;

zend_class_iterator_funcs iterator_funcs;

/* handlers */
zend_object_value (*create_object)(zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC);
zend_object_iterator *(*get_iterator)(zend_class_entry *ce, zval *object, int by_ref TSRMLS_DC);
int (*interface_gets_implemented)(zend_class_entry *iface, zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC); /* a class implements this interface */
union _zend_function *(*get_static_method)(zend_class_entry *ce, char* method, int method_len TSRMLS_DC);

/* serializer callbacks */
int (*serialize)(zval *object, unsigned char **buffer, zend_uint *buf_len, zend_serialize_data *data TSRMLS_DC);
int (*unserialize)(zval **object, zend_class_entry *ce, const unsigned char *buf, zend_uint buf_len, zend_unserialize_data *data TSRMLS_DC);

zend_class_entry **interfaces;
zend_uint num_interfaces;

zend_class_entry **traits;
zend_uint num_traits;
zend_trait_alias **trait_aliases;
zend_trait_precedence **trait_precedences;

union {
struct {
const char *filename;
zend_uint line_start;
zend_uint line_end;
const char *doc_comment;
zend_uint doc_comment_len;
} user;
struct {
const struct _zend_function_entry *builtin_functions;
struct _zend_module_entry *module;
} internal;
} info;
};

定义参数信息的宏。

./Zend/zend_API.h:108

#define ZEND_ARG_INFO(pass_by_ref, name)    { #name, sizeof(#name)-1, NULL, 0, 0, pass_by_ref, 0, 0 },

...

#define ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(name, _unused, return_reference, required_num_args)  \
static const zend_arg_info name[] = {                                           \
{ NULL, 0, NULL, required_num_args, 0, return_reference, 0, 0 },
#define ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO(name, _unused)  \
ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(name, 0, ZEND_RETURN_VALUE, -1)
#define ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()     };

ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX() 的四个参数含义：

　　name: 类名_方法名_arginfo

　　_unused: 0

　　return_reference: 0

　　required_num_args: 这个函数必要的参数数量是几个

ZEND_ARG_INFO() 的两个参数含义：

pass_by_ref: 0

name: 形参名

./Zend/zend_API.h:35

typedef struct _zend_function_entry {
const char *fname;
void (*handler)(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS);
const struct _zend_arg_info *arg_info;
zend_uint num_args;
zend_uint flags;
} zend_function_entry;

#define INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(class_container, class_name, functions) \
INIT_OVERLOADED_CLASS_ENTRY(class_container, class_name, functions, NULL, NULL, NULL)

#define INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_container, class_name, class_name_len, functions) \
INIT_OVERLOADED_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_container, class_name, class_name_len, functions, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)

#define INIT_OVERLOADED_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_container, class_name, class_name_len, functions, handle_fcall, handle_propget,  handle_propset, handle_propunset, handle_propisset) \
{                                                           \
const char *cl_name = class_name;                               \
int _len = class_name_len;                              \
class_container.name = zend_new_interned_string(cl_name, _len+1, 0 TSRMLS_CC);  \
if (class_container.name == cl_name) {                  \
class_container.name = zend_strndup(cl_name, _len); \
}                                                       \
class_container.name_length = _len;                     \
INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_INIT_METHODS(class_container, functions, handle_fcall, handle_propget, handle_propset,               handle_propunset, handle_propisset) \
}
....

#define INIT_OVERLOADED_CLASS_ENTRY(class_container, class_name, functions, handle_fcall, handle_propget, handle_propset) \
INIT_OVERLOADED_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_container, class_name, sizeof(class_name)-1, functions, handle_fcall,                handle_propget, handle_propset, NULL, NULL)

类的定义，接口定义，属性操作，数组操作的函数原型。

./Zend/zend_API.h: 268~457

....

ZEND_API int zend_register_functions(zend_class_entry *scope, const zend_function_entry *functions, HashTable *function_table, int type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_unregister_functions(const zend_function_entry *functions, int count, HashTable *function_table TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_startup_module(zend_module_entry *module_entry);
ZEND_API zend_module_entry* zend_register_internal_module(zend_module_entry *module_entry TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API zend_module_entry* zend_register_module_ex(zend_module_entry *module TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_startup_module_ex(zend_module_entry *module TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_startup_modules(TSRMLS_D);
ZEND_API void zend_collect_module_handlers(TSRMLS_D);
ZEND_API void zend_destroy_modules(void);
ZEND_API void zend_check_magic_method_implementation(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_function *fptr, int error_type TSRMLS_DC);

// 注册一个"类"
ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_register_internal_class(zend_class_entry *class_entry TSRMLS_DC);

// 注册一个"子类"；第二个，第三个参数都为 NULL 时，等同于 zend_register_internal_class.
ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_register_internal_class_ex(zend_class_entry *class_entry, zend_class_entry *parent_ce, char *parent_name TSRMLS_DC);

// 注册一个"接口"
ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_register_internal_interface(zend_class_entry *orig_class_entry TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_class_implements(zend_class_entry *class_entry TSRMLS_DC, int num_interfaces, ...);

ZEND_API int zend_register_class_alias_ex(const char *name, int name_len, zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);

#define zend_register_class_alias(name, ce) \
zend_register_class_alias_ex(name, sizeof(name)-1, ce TSRMLS_CC)
#define zend_register_ns_class_alias(ns, name, ce) \
zend_register_class_alias_ex(ZEND_NS_NAME(ns, name), sizeof(ZEND_NS_NAME(ns, name))-1, ce TSRMLS_CC)

ZEND_API int zend_disable_function(char *function_name, uint function_name_length TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_disable_class(char *class_name, uint class_name_length TSRMLS_DC);

ZEND_API void zend_wrong_param_count(TSRMLS_D);

#define IS_CALLABLE_CHECK_SYNTAX_ONLY (1<<0)
#define IS_CALLABLE_CHECK_NO_ACCESS   (1<<1)
#define IS_CALLABLE_CHECK_IS_STATIC   (1<<2)
#define IS_CALLABLE_CHECK_SILENT      (1<<3)

#define IS_CALLABLE_STRICT  (IS_CALLABLE_CHECK_IS_STATIC)

ZEND_API zend_bool zend_is_callable_ex(zval *callable, zval *object_ptr, uint check_flags, char **callable_name, int *callable_name_len, zend_fcall_info_cache *fcc, char **error TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API zend_bool zend_is_callable(zval *callable, uint check_flags, char **callable_name TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API zend_bool zend_make_callable(zval *callable, char **callable_name TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API const char *zend_get_module_version(const char *module_name);
ZEND_API int zend_get_module_started(const char *module_name);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, zval *property, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_ex(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, zval *property, int access_type, const char *doc_comment, int doc_comment_len TSRMLS_DC);

// 定义类属性，zend_declare_property_*
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_null(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_bool(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, long value, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_long(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, long value, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_double(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, double value, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_string(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, const char *value, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_property_stringl(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, int name_length, const char *value, int value_len, int access_type TSRMLS_DC);

// 定义类常量，zend_declare_class_constant_*
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length, zval *value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant_null(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant_long(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length, long value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant_bool(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length, zend_bool value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant_double(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length, double value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant_stringl(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length, const char *value, size_t value_length TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_declare_class_constant_string(zend_class_entry *ce, const char *name, size_t name_length, const char *value TSRMLS_DC);

// 更新类常量，zend_update_class_constants_*
ZEND_API void zend_update_class_constants(zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, zval *value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property_null(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property_bool(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, long value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property_long(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, long value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property_double(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, double value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property_string(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, const char *value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_update_property_stringl(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, const char *value, int value_length TSRMLS_DC);

// 更新类静态属性，zend_update_static_property_*
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, zval *value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property_null(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property_bool(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, long value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property_long(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, long value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property_double(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, double value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property_string(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, const char *value TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_update_static_property_stringl(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, const char *value, int value_length TSRMLS_DC);

// 读取类属性
ZEND_API zval *zend_read_property(zend_class_entry *scope, zval *object, const char *name, int name_length, zend_bool silent TSRMLS_DC);
// 读取类静态属性，与object无关
ZEND_API zval *zend_read_static_property(zend_class_entry *scope, const char *name, int name_length, zend_bool silent TSRMLS_DC);

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_get_class_entry(const zval *zobject TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int zend_get_object_classname(const zval *object, const char **class_name, zend_uint *class_name_len TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API char *zend_get_type_by_const(int type);

#define getThis() (this_ptr)

#define WRONG_PARAM_COUNT                   ZEND_WRONG_PARAM_COUNT()
#define WRONG_PARAM_COUNT_WITH_RETVAL(ret)  ZEND_WRONG_PARAM_COUNT_WITH_RETVAL(ret)
#define ARG_COUNT(dummy)    (ht)
#define ZEND_NUM_ARGS()     (ht)
#define ZEND_WRONG_PARAM_COUNT()                    { zend_wrong_param_count(TSRMLS_C); return; }
#define ZEND_WRONG_PARAM_COUNT_WITH_RETVAL(ret)     { zend_wrong_param_count(TSRMLS_C); return ret; }

#ifndef ZEND_WIN32
#define DLEXPORT
#endif

// 初始化一个数组
#define array_init(arg)         _array_init((arg), 0 ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
#define array_init_size(arg, size) _array_init((arg), (size) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
// 初始化一个对象
#define object_init(arg)        _object_init((arg) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC TSRMLS_CC)
#define object_init_ex(arg, ce) _object_init_ex((arg), (ce) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC TSRMLS_CC)
#define object_and_properties_init(arg, ce, properties) _object_and_properties_init((arg), (ce), (properties) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC TSRMLS_CC)
ZEND_API int _array_init(zval *arg, uint size ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
ZEND_API int _object_init(zval *arg ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int _object_init_ex(zval *arg, zend_class_entry *ce ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int _object_and_properties_init(zval *arg, zend_class_entry *ce, HashTable *properties ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API void object_properties_init(zend_object *object, zend_class_entry *class_type);

ZEND_API void zend_merge_properties(zval *obj, HashTable *properties, int destroy_ht TSRMLS_DC);

/* no longer supported */
ZEND_API int add_assoc_function(zval *arg, const char *key, void (*function_ptr)(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS));

ZEND_API int add_assoc_long_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, long n);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_null_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_bool_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, int b);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_resource_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, int r);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_double_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, double d);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_string_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_stringl_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_assoc_zval_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, zval *value);

// 添加关联数组值，add_assoc_*
#define add_assoc_long(__arg, __key, __n) add_assoc_long_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __n)
#define add_assoc_null(__arg, __key) add_assoc_null_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key) + 1)
#define add_assoc_bool(__arg, __key, __b) add_assoc_bool_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __b)
#define add_assoc_resource(__arg, __key, __r) add_assoc_resource_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __r)
#define add_assoc_double(__arg, __key, __d) add_assoc_double_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __d)
#define add_assoc_string(__arg, __key, __str, __duplicate) add_assoc_string_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __str, __duplicate)
#define add_assoc_stringl(__arg, __key, __str, __length, __duplicate) add_assoc_stringl_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __str, __length, __duplicate)
#define add_assoc_zval(__arg, __key, __value) add_assoc_zval_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __value)

/* unset() functions are only suported for legacy modules and null() functions should be used */
#define add_assoc_unset(__arg, __key) add_assoc_null_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key) + 1)
#define add_index_unset(__arg, __key) add_index_null(__arg, __key)
#define add_next_index_unset(__arg) add_next_index_null(__arg)
#define add_property_unset(__arg, __key) add_property_null(__arg, __key)

// 添加索引数组值，add_index_*
ZEND_API int add_index_long(zval *arg, ulong idx, long n);
ZEND_API int add_index_null(zval *arg, ulong idx);
ZEND_API int add_index_bool(zval *arg, ulong idx, int b);
ZEND_API int add_index_resource(zval *arg, ulong idx, int r);
ZEND_API int add_index_double(zval *arg, ulong idx, double d);
ZEND_API int add_index_string(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_index_stringl(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_index_zval(zval *arg, ulong index, zval *value);

// 添加索引数组值 索引自增，add_next_index_*
ZEND_API int add_next_index_long(zval *arg, long n);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_null(zval *arg);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_bool(zval *arg, int b);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_resource(zval *arg, int r);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_double(zval *arg, double d);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_string(zval *arg, const char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_stringl(zval *arg, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_zval(zval *arg, zval *value);

ZEND_API int add_get_assoc_string_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, const char *str, void **dest, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_get_assoc_stringl_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, const char *str, uint length, void **dest, int duplicate);

#define add_get_assoc_string(__arg, __key, __str, __dest, __duplicate) add_get_assoc_string_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __str, __dest, __duplicate)
#define add_get_assoc_stringl(__arg, __key, __str, __length, __dest, __duplicate) add_get_assoc_stringl_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __str, __length, __dest, __duplicate)

ZEND_API int add_get_index_long(zval *arg, ulong idx, long l, void **dest);
ZEND_API int add_get_index_double(zval *arg, ulong idx, double d, void **dest);
ZEND_API int add_get_index_string(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, void **dest, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_get_index_stringl(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, uint length, void **dest, int duplicate);

ZEND_API int array_set_zval_key(HashTable *ht, zval *key, zval *value);

ZEND_API int add_property_long_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, long l TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_null_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_bool_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, int b TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_resource_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, long r TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_double_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, double d TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_string_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, const char *str, int duplicate TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_stringl_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len,  const char *str, uint length, int duplicate TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int add_property_zval_ex(zval *arg, const char *key, uint key_len, zval *value TSRMLS_DC);

// 添加类属性 add_property_*
#define add_property_long(__arg, __key, __n) add_property_long_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __n TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_null(__arg, __key) add_property_null_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key) + 1 TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_bool(__arg, __key, __b) add_property_bool_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __b TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_resource(__arg, __key, __r) add_property_resource_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __r TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_double(__arg, __key, __d) add_property_double_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __d TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_string(__arg, __key, __str, __duplicate) add_property_string_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __str, __duplicate TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_stringl(__arg, __key, __str, __length, __duplicate) add_property_stringl_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __str, __length, __duplicate TSRMLS_CC)
#define add_property_zval(__arg, __key, __value) add_property_zval_ex(__arg, __key, strlen(__key)+1, __value TSRMLS_CC)

// call_user_function
ZEND_API int call_user_function(HashTable *function_table, zval **object_pp, zval *function_name, zval *retval_ptr, zend_uint param_count, zval *params[]  TSRMLS_DC);
ZEND_API int call_user_function_ex(HashTable *function_table, zval **object_pp, zval *function_name, zval **retval_ptr_ptr, zend_uint param_count, zval ** params[], int no_separation, HashTable *symbol_table TSRMLS_DC);

ZEND_API extern const zend_fcall_info empty_fcall_info;
ZEND_API extern const zend_fcall_info_cache empty_fcall_info_cache;

....

关于 zend_read_static_property 的 silent 参数，因为是 zend_std_get_static_property 的封装，

所以我们应该看 zend_std_get_static_property 的实现。

./Zend/zend_object_handlers.c:1281

if (UNEXPECTED(zend_hash_quick_find(&ce->properties_info, property_name, property_name_len+1, hash_value, (void **) &property_info)==FAILURE)) {
if (!silent) {
zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR, "Access to undeclared static property: %s::$%s", ce->name, property_name);
}
return NULL;
}

函数中有这么一段，如果没有找到属性的时候，silent=0 报 E_ERROR，silent=1 忽略报错。

HashTable 的底层函数，数组操作其实是对它们的再封装。

./Zend/zend_hash.h:100

/* startup/shutdown */
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_init(HashTable *ht, uint nSize, dtor_func_t pDestructor, zend_bool persistent ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_init_ex(HashTable *ht, uint nSize, dtor_func_t pDestructor, zend_bool persistent, zend_bool bApplyProtection ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
ZEND_API void zend_hash_destroy(HashTable *ht);
ZEND_API void zend_hash_clean(HashTable *ht);
#define zend_hash_init(ht, nSize, pHashFunction, pDestructor, persistent) _zend_hash_init((ht), (nSize), (pDestructor), (persistent) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
#define zend_hash_init_ex(ht, nSize, pHashFunction, pDestructor, persistent, bApplyProtection) _zend_hash_init_ex((ht), (nSize), (pDestructor), (persistent), (bApplyProtection) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)

/* additions/updates/changes */
ZEND_API int _zend_hash_add_or_update(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, void *pData, uint nDataSize, void **pDest, int flag ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
#define zend_hash_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_add_or_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_UPDATE ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
#define zend_hash_add(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_add_or_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_ADD ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)

ZEND_API int _zend_hash_quick_add_or_update(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h, void *pData, uint nDataSize, void **pDest, int flag ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
#define zend_hash_quick_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_quick_add_or_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_UPDATE ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
#define zend_hash_quick_add(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_quick_add_or_update(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_ADD ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)

ZEND_API int _zend_hash_index_update_or_next_insert(HashTable *ht, ulong h, void *pData, uint nDataSize, void **pDest, int flag ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
#define zend_hash_index_update(ht, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_index_update_or_next_insert(ht, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_UPDATE ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
#define zend_hash_next_index_insert(ht, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_index_update_or_next_insert(ht, 0, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_NEXT_INSERT ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)

ZEND_API int zend_hash_add_empty_element(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength);

....

/* Deletes */
ZEND_API int zend_hash_del_key_or_index(HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h, int flag);
#define zend_hash_del(ht, arKey, nKeyLength) \
zend_hash_del_key_or_index(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, 0, HASH_DEL_KEY)
#define zend_hash_quick_del(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, h) \
zend_hash_del_key_or_index(ht, arKey, nKeyLength, h, HASH_DEL_KEY_QUICK)
#define zend_hash_index_del(ht, h) \
zend_hash_del_key_or_index(ht, NULL, 0, h, HASH_DEL_INDEX)
#define zend_get_hash_value \
zend_hash_func

/* Data retreival */
ZEND_API int zend_hash_find(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, void **pData);
ZEND_API int zend_hash_quick_find(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h, void **  pData);
ZEND_API int zend_hash_index_find(const HashTable *ht, ulong h, void **pData);

/* Misc */
ZEND_API int zend_hash_exists(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength);
ZEND_API int zend_hash_quick_exists(const HashTable *ht, const char *arKey, uint nKeyLength, ulong h);
ZEND_API int zend_hash_index_exists(const HashTable *ht, ulong h);
ZEND_API ulong zend_hash_next_free_element(const HashTable *ht);

类与方法的访问权限修饰符，ZEND_ACC_* 。

./Zend/zend_compile.h:150

...

/* method flags (types) */
#define ZEND_ACC_STATIC         0x01
#define ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT       0x02
#define ZEND_ACC_FINAL          0x04
#define ZEND_ACC_IMPLEMENTED_ABSTRACT       0x08

/* class flags (types) */
/* ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS is used for abstract classes (since it is set by any abstract method even interfaces MAY have it set, too). */
/* ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS denotes that a class was explicitly defined as abstract by using the keyword. */
#define ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS    0x10
#define ZEND_ACC_EXPLICIT_ABSTRACT_CLASS    0x20
#define ZEND_ACC_FINAL_CLASS                0x40
#define ZEND_ACC_INTERFACE                  0x80
#define ZEND_ACC_TRAIT                      0x120

/* op_array flags */
#define ZEND_ACC_INTERACTIVE                0x10

/* method flags (visibility) */
/* The order of those must be kept - public < protected < private */
#define ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC     0x100
#define ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED  0x200
#define ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE    0x400
#define ZEND_ACC_PPP_MASK  (ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC | ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED | ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE)

#define ZEND_ACC_CHANGED    0x800
#define ZEND_ACC_IMPLICIT_PUBLIC    0x1000

/* method flags (special method detection) */
#define ZEND_ACC_CTOR       0x2000
#define ZEND_ACC_DTOR       0x4000
#define ZEND_ACC_CLONE      0x8000

/* method flag (bc only), any method that has this flag can be used statically and non statically. */
#define ZEND_ACC_ALLOW_STATIC   0x10000

/* shadow of parent's private method/property */
#define ZEND_ACC_SHADOW 0x20000

/* deprecation flag */
#define ZEND_ACC_DEPRECATED 0x40000

/* class implement interface(s) flag */
#define ZEND_ACC_IMPLEMENT_INTERFACES 0x80000
#define ZEND_ACC_IMPLEMENT_TRAITS     0x400000

/* class constants updated */
#define ZEND_ACC_CONSTANTS_UPDATED    0x100000

/* user class has methods with static variables */
#define ZEND_HAS_STATIC_IN_METHODS    0x800000

#define ZEND_ACC_CLOSURE              0x100000
#define ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR            0x800000

/* function flag for internal user call handlers __call, __callstatic */
#define ZEND_ACC_CALL_VIA_HANDLER     0x200000

/* disable inline caching */
#define ZEND_ACC_NEVER_CACHE          0x400000

#define ZEND_ACC_VARIADIC               0x1000000

#define ZEND_ACC_RETURN_REFERENCE       0x4000000
#define ZEND_ACC_DONE_PASS_TWO          0x8000000

/* function has arguments with type hinting */
#define ZEND_ACC_HAS_TYPE_HINTS         0x10000000

...

例：定义一个接口，实现接口的父类，继承父类的子类.

zend_class_entry *theinterface_ce, *parentclass_ce, *childclass_ce;

zend_function_entry theinterface_methods[] = {
　　ZEND_ABSTRACT_ME(theinterface, hello, NULL)   // 这里不需要第四个参数(访问权限)
　　{NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

zend_function_entry parentclass_methods[] = {
ZEND_ME(parentclass_ce, hello, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
　　{NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

zend_function_entry childclass_methods[] = {
　　ZEND_ME(childclass_ce, index, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
　　{NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(test) {
　　zend_class_entry ce, p_ce, c_ce;
　　INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "theinterface", theinterface_methods);
　　theinterface_ce = zend_register_internal_interface(&ce TSRMLS_CC);

// 实现theinterface接口的parentclass类
　　INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(p_ce, "parentclass", parentclass_methods);
　　parentclass_ce = zend_register_internal_class(&p_ce TSRMLS_CC);
　　zend_class_implements(&p_ce TSRMLS_CC, 1, theinterface_ce);

// 定义parentclass的子类childclass
　　INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(c_ce, "childclass", childclass_methods);
　　childclass_ce = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&c_ce, &parentclass, "parentclass" TSRMLS_CC);
　　childclass_cd->ce_flags |= ZEND_ACC_FINAL_CLASS;
　　
　　return SUCCESS;
}

./Zend/zend_API.h 包含使用到的宏和函数原型，主要看有哪些参数和参数格式：

#define ZEND_ABSTRACT_ME(classname, name, arg_info) ZEND_FENTRY(name, NULL, arg_info, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_ABSTRACT)

#define ZEND_ME(classname, name, arg_info, flags) ZEND_FENTRY(name, ZEND_MN(classname##_##name), arg_info, flags)

#define INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(class_container, class_name, functions) \
INIT_OVERLOADED_CLASS_ENTRY(class_container, class_name, functions, NULL, NULL, NULL)

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_register_internal_interface(zend_class_entry *orig_class_entry TSRMLS_DC);

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_register_internal_class(zend_class_entry *class_entry TSRMLS_DC);

ZEND_API void zend_class_implements(zend_class_entry *class_entry TSRMLS_DC, int num_interfaces, ...);

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_register_internal_class_ex(zend_class_entry *class_entry, zend_class_entry *parent_ce, char *parent_name TSRMLS_DC);

Link: http://www.cnblogs.com/farwish/p/5631605.html

@黑眼诗人　<www.farwish.com>