matplotlib 的几种风格 练习

〇、准备数据

import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(0, 5, 10)
y = x ** 2

一、matlab风格的API

from pylab import *

figure()
plot(x, y, 'r')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')
title('title')
show()

subplot(1,2,1)
plot(x, y, 'r--')
subplot(1,2,2)
plot(y, x, 'g*-');

二、matplotlib面向对象风格的API:

1.两步走：先创建figure实例、接着创建axes实例

fig = plt.figure()

# 不关心位置
axes = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

# 关心位置
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) # left, bottom, width, height (range 0 to 1)

axes.plot(x, y, 'r')

axes.set_xlabel('x')
axes.set_ylabel('y')
axes.set_title('title');

fig = plt.figure()

# 不关心位置
axes1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1)
axes2 = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 2)

# 关心位置
axes1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) # main axes
axes2 = fig.add_axes([0.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3]) # inset axes

# main figure
axes1.plot(x, y, 'r')
axes1.set_xlabel('x')
axes1.set_ylabel('y')
axes1.set_title('title')

# insert
axes2.plot(y, x, 'g')
axes2.set_xlabel('y')
axes2.set_ylabel('x')
axes2.set_title('insert title')

2.一步走：同时创建figure、axes实例

fig, axes = plt.subplots()

axes.plot(x, y, 'r')
axes.set_xlabel('x')
axes.set_ylabel('y')
axes.set_title('title')

fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2)

for ax in axes:
ax.plot(x, y, 'r')
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_title('title')

fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=3, ncols=2, sharex=True)

# 此处不能用 for ax in axes:
for i in range(6):
axes[i//2, i%2].plot(x, y, 'r')
axes[i//2, i%2].set_xlabel('x')
axes[i//2, i%2].set_ylabel('y')
axes[i//2, i%2].set_title('title')