AIX7.1_oralce11gR2的ADG安装文档

环境说明：

主库： ip：10.143.183.31  sid：primary1     建立 GI 、ASM、oracle数据库软件、oracle数据库    

备库： ip：10.143.183.33  sid：standsty1     建立 GI 、ASM、oracle数据库软件、无需建立oracle数据库

ASM磁盘组说明：  数据： +DG_DATA1   +DG_DATA2  、  索引：+DG_INDEX  、 归档： +DG_ARCH

安装步骤：

1、修改监听
主库：
修改tnsnames.ora：
primary1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.143.53.31)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = primary1)
)
)

standsty1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.143.53.33)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standsty1)
)
)

修改listener.ora：
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME= primary1)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db)
(SID_NAME=primary1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY =EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.143.53.31)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

备库：
修改tnsnames.ora：
primary1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.143.53.31)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = primary1)
)
)

standsty1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.143.53.33)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standsty1)
)
)

修改listener.ora：
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME= primary1)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db)
(SID_NAME=standsty1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY =EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.143.53.33)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

2、主库设置归档：
开启归档
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.

设置归档路径
SQL> alter system set  log_archive_dest_1='location=+DG_ARCH' scope=both;
System altered.

切换日志
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.

查询归档日志
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type        Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
ARCHIVELOG  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 20 20:00:00  Y    thread_1_seq_1.256.915051109
ARCHIVELOG  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 20 20:00:00  Y    thread_1_seq_2.257.915051111
ARCHIVELOG  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 20 20:00:00  Y    thread_1_seq_3.258.915051231

3、主库设置force logging模式
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.

4、主库修改参数文件
SQL> create pfile='/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initprimary1.ora' from spfile;
File created.

修改pfile文件 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initprimary1.ora，增加以下内容

*.db_name=primary1
*.db_unique_name=primary1
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=primary1XDB)'
*.fal_client='primary1'
*.fal_server='standsty1'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary1,standsty1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DG_ARCH VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=standsty1 OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standsty1'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.log_archive_max_processes=30
*.db_file_name_convert='standsty1','primary1'
*.log_file_name_convert='standsty1','primary1'

以spfile启动数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup pfile='/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initprimary1.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3.6081E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2253536 bytes
Variable Size            1.3959E+10 bytes
Database Buffers         2.1475E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              644853760 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> create spfile='+DG_DATA1/primary1/spfileprimary1.ora' from pfile='/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initprimary1.ora';
File created.

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3.6081E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2253536 bytes
Variable Size            1.3959E+10 bytes
Database Buffers         2.1475E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              644853760 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      +DG_DATA1/primary1/spfileprimary1.ora

5、拷贝主库的pfile和密码文件到备库上
[ythisbilldbn1] cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/
[ythisbilldbn1] scp initprimary1.ora 10.143.53.33:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs
[ythisbilldbn1] scp orapwprimary1 10.143.53.33:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs

6、备库修改参数文件
修改从主库拷贝过来的pfile文件 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/initprimary1.ora，替换以下内容

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/standsty1/adump'
*.db_name=primary1
*.db_unique_name=standsty1
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=standsty1XDB)'
*.fal_client='standsty1'
*.fal_server='primary1'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(standsty1,primary1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+DG_ARCH VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standsty1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary1 OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary1'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.log_archive_max_processes=30
*.db_file_name_convert='primary1','standsty1'
*.log_file_name_convert='primary1','standsty1'

7、在主库通过Rman Duplicate创建备库，主库执行
[ythisbilldbn1:oracle:/home/oracle]rman target sys/xxxxxx@primary1 auxiliary sys/xxxxxx@standsty1 nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 21 09:44:29 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: primary1 (DBID=32832276)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: primary1 (not mounted)

#duplicate到备库中#
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 2016-06-21 11:49:06
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=9391 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile  '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwprimary1' auxiliary format
'/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwstandsty1'   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 2016-06-21 11:49:07
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=4037 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 2016-06-21 11:49:08

contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '+DG_DATA1/standsty1/controlfile/current.256.915104949';
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
sql clone "alter system set  control_files =
''+DG_DATA1/standsty1/controlfile/current.256.915104949'' comment=
''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 2016-06-21 11:49:08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_primary1.f tag=TAG20160621T114908 RECID=1 STAMP=915104949
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2016-06-21 11:49:12

sql statement: create spfile from memory

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area   42757922816 bytes

Fixed Size                     2255784 bytes
Variable Size              20669531224 bytes
Database Buffers           21474836480 bytes
Redo Buffers                 611299328 bytes

sql statement: alter system set  control_files =   ''+DG_DATA1/standsty1/controlfile/current.256.915104949'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area   42757922816 bytes

Fixed Size                     2255784 bytes
Variable Size              20669531224 bytes
Database Buffers           21474836480 bytes
Redo Buffers                 611299328 bytes

contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database
RMAN-05529: WARNING: DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT resulted in invalid ASM names; names changed to disk group only.

contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile  1 to
"+dg_data1";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile  1 to
"+dg_data1";
set newname for datafile  2 to
"+dg_data1";
set newname for datafile  3 to
"+dg_data1";
set newname for datafile  4 to
"+dg_data1";
backup as copy reuse
datafile  1 auxiliary format
"+dg_data1"   datafile
2 auxiliary format
"+dg_data1"   datafile
3 auxiliary format
"+dg_data1"   datafile
4 auxiliary format
"+dg_data1"   ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to +dg_data1 in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 2016-06-21 11:49:48
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DG_DATA1/primary1/datafile/system.261.915031245
output file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/system.257.915104989 tag=TAG20160621T114948
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:05:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DG_DATA1/primary1/datafile/undotbs1.263.915031305
output file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/undotbs1.258.915105325 tag=TAG20160621T114948
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:05:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DG_DATA1/primary1/datafile/sysaux.262.915031285
output file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/sysaux.259.915105649 tag=TAG20160621T114948
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:02:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DG_DATA1/primary1/datafile/users.265.915031353
output file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/users.260.915105815 tag=TAG20160621T114948
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2016-06-21 12:03:35

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=915105815 file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/system.257.915104989
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=915105815 file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/sysaux.259.915105649
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=915105815 file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/undotbs1.258.915105325
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=915105815 file name=+DG_DATA1/standsty1/datafile/users.260.915105815
Finished Duplicate Db at 2016-06-21 12:04:21

8、备库增加4组备用日志
SQL> alter database add standby logfile
group 5  size 5G,
group 6 size 5G,
group 7 size 5G,
group 8 size 5G;

#因每组两个成员，增加备用日志的成员#
SQL> alter database add standby logfile member '+DG_DATA1' to group 5;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile member '+DG_DATA1' to group 6;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile member '+DG_DATA1' to group 7;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile member '+DG_DATA1' to group 8;

#查看日志文件是否添加成功#
SQL> select group#, member from v$logfile;

9、在备库开启到read only状态
#查看当前备库状态为MOUNTED#
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name from v$database;
OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    DB_UNIQUE_NAME
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------
MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY standsty1

#关闭数据库#
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

#启动数据库#
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4.2758E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255784 bytes
Variable Size            2.0670E+10 bytes
Database Buffers         2.1475E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              611299328 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

#查看数据库状态，为read only只读模式#
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name from v$database;

OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    DB_UNIQUE_NAME
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------
READ ONLY            PHYSICAL STANDBY standsty1

10、在备库开启实时日志应用
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
Database altered.

#取消实时日志应用的语句#
--ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE cancel;

#查看备库是否应用redo，主备库查命令#
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log where DEST_ID=2 order by sequence#;

-------------------至此 ADG已基本搭建完毕

11、主库、备库 的删除归档日志策略，用rman配置 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY 参数
#NONE ：设置为该值时，则不启用归档文件的删除策略。默认情况下就是NONE#

#主库设置 SHIPPED TO ALL STANDBY ：设置为该值时，当归档传送到备库就可以删除#
RMAN> CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO SHIPPED TO ALL STANDBY;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO SHIPPED TO ALL STANDBY;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

#备库设置 APPLIED ON STANDBY ：设置为该值时，会强制检查待删除的log 是否已经在备库apply，只有apply后的log才能删除#
RMAN> CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON STANDBY;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON STANDBY;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

#删归档日志#
RMAN> delete archivelog all

/*设置自动删除归档日志  crontab
#设置删除归档日志脚本
[ythisbilldbn1:oracle:/oracle/script]vi del_arch.sh

export ORACLE_SID=primary1
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db
export NAME=`date +%Y%m%d%T`
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /  nocatalog  log=/oracle/script/delete_archivelog_log/del_arch_$NAME.log<<EO
F
run
{
delete noprompt  archivelog all completed  before 'sysdate - 1';
}
exit
EOF

#设置crontab   每小时0分 删除
[ythisbilldbn1:oracle:/oracle/script]crontab -e
0  * * * *  /oracle/script/del_arch.sh

*/

-------------------------------------------------测试1：建立用户  建立表空间  数据文件- 开始---------------------------------------------------------------
主库：建立用户  建立表空间  数据文件
SQL> create tablespace TBS_DPUB datafile '+DG_DATA1' size 1M autoextend on maxsize 62G;
Tablespace created.

SQL>alter tablespace TBS_DPUB add datafile '+DG_DATA2' size 1M autoextend on maxsize 62G;
Tablespace altered.

SQL> create user cy identified by cy;

SQL> alter user cy default tablespace TBS_DPUB;
User altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

备库：检查 是否同步 建立用户  建立表空间  数据文件
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;

NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
TBS_DPUB

6 rows selected.

SQL> select DEFAULT_TABLESPACE,username from dba_users;

DEFAULT_TABLESPACE             USERNAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYSTEM                         SYS
SYSTEM                         SYSTEM
TBS_DPUB                       CY
SYSTEM                         OUTLN
SYSAUX                         APPQOSSYS
SYSAUX                         DBSNMP
SYSAUX                         WMSYS
USERS                          DIP
USERS                          ORACLE_OCM
-------------------------------------------------测试1：建立用户  建立表空间  数据文件- 结束---------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------测试2：主备库切换-开始---------------------------------------------------------------

--测试目的：主备库切换，测试是否成功
--当前主备库信息：     主库：primary1       备库：standsty1
--切换后主备库信息：   主库：standsty1       备库：primary1

--主库：primary1
#切换到standby备库模式#
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

Database altered.

#重启数据库#
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01012: not logged on

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4.2758E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255784 bytes
Variable Size            2.0670E+10 bytes
Database Buffers         2.1475E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              611299328 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

#查看状态为备库#
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name from v$database;

OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    DB_UNIQUE_NAME
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------
READ ONLY            PHYSICAL STANDBY primary1

#开启实时日志应用#
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

--备库：standsty1
#切换到primary主库模式#
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.

/* 遭遇的问题
在物理DG主备库切换时遇到ORA-16139: media recovery required错误
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16139: media recovery required

解决办法：
--如果报ORA-16139: media recovery required，可能是由于未应用日志引起，可先执行
ALTER  DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY  DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
然后再执行该命令
*/

#重启数据库#
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
startupORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4.2758E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255784 bytes
Variable Size            2.0670E+10 bytes
Database Buffers         2.1475E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              611299328 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

#查看状态为主库#
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name from v$database;

OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    DB_UNIQUE_NAME
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------
READ WRITE           PRIMARY          standsty1

--测试一下是否切换成功
#查看，并切换主库standsty1 日志文件 #
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
38

SQL>  alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
39

#备库primary1 查看日志文件和主库的相同，切换成功
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
39
-------------------------------------------------测试2：主备库切换-结束---------------------------------------------------------------