您的位置:首页 > 移动开发 > Android开发

Android实时直播,一千行java搞定不依赖jni,延迟0.8至3秒,强悍移动端来袭

2016-06-23 09:11 751 查看
目首页:https://github.com/simple-rtmp-server/srs-sea

SRS服务器项目:https://github.com/simple-rtmp-server/srs

Android高版本中,特别是4.1引入了MediaCodec可以对摄像头的图像进行硬件编码,实现直播。

一般Android推流到服务器,使用ffmpeg居多,也就是软编码,实际上使用Android的硬件编码会有更好的体验。

看了下网上的文章也不少,但是都缺乏一个整体跑通的方案,特别是如何推送的服务器。本文把Android推直播流的过程梳理一遍。

AndroidPublisher提出了Android直播的新思路,主要配合SRS服务器完成,优势如下:

使用系统的类,不引入jni和c的库,简单可靠,一千行左右java代码就可以完成。
硬件编码而非软件编码,系统负载低,800kbps编码cpu使用率13%左右。
低延迟和RTMP一样,0.8秒到3秒,使用的协议是HTTP FLV流,原理和RTMP一样。
安装包小无复杂依赖,编译出来的apk都只有1405KB左右。
方便集成,只需要引入一个SrsHttpFlv类,进行转封装和打包发送,可以用在任何app中。

Android直播有几个大的环节:

打开Camera,进行Preview获取YUV图像数据,也就是未压缩的图像。

设置picture和preview大小后,计算YUV的buffer的尺寸,不能简单乘以1.5而应该按照文档计算。

获取YUV的同时,还可以进行预览,只要绑定到SurfaceHolder就可以。
使用MediaCodec和MediaFormat对YUV进行编码,其中MediaCodec是编码,MediaFormat是打包成annexb封装。

设置MediaCodec的colorFormat需要判断是否MediaCodec支持,也就是从MediaCodec获取colorFormat。
将YUV图像,送入MediaCodec的inputBuffer,并获取outputBuffer中已经编码的数据,格式是annexb。

其中queueInputBuffer时,需要指定pts,否则没有编码数据输出,会被丢弃。
将编码的annexb数据,发送到服务器。

一般使用rtmp(librtmp/srslibrtmp/ffmpeg),因为流媒体服务器的输入一般是rtmp。

若服务器支持http-flv流POST,那么可以直接发送给服务器。

秀一个运行起来的图:



下面是各个重要环节的分解。


YUV图像

第一个环节,打开Camera并预览:

[java] view
plain copy







camera = Camera.open();

Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();

parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF);

parameters.setWhiteBalance(Camera.Parameters.WHITE_BALANCE_AUTO);

parameters.setSceneMode(Camera.Parameters.SCENE_MODE_AUTO);

parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);

parameters.setPreviewFormat(ImageFormat.YV12);

Camera.Size size = null;

List<Camera.Size> sizes = parameters.getSupportedPictureSizes();

for (int i = 0; i < sizes.size(); i++) {

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("camera supported picture size %dx%d", sizes.get(i).width, sizes.get(i).height));

if (sizes.get(i).width == 640) {

size = sizes.get(i);

}

}

parameters.setPictureSize(size.width, size.height);

Log.i(TAG, String.format("set the picture size in %dx%d", size.width, size.height));

sizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();

for (int i = 0; i < sizes.size(); i++) {

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("camera supported preview size %dx%d", sizes.get(i).width, sizes.get(i).height));

if (sizes.get(i).width == 640) {

vsize = size = sizes.get(i);

}

}

parameters.setPreviewSize(size.width, size.height);

Log.i(TAG, String.format("set the preview size in %dx%d", size.width, size.height));

camera.setParameters(parameters);

// set the callback and start the preview.

buffer = new byte[getYuvBuffer(size.width, size.height)];

camera.addCallbackBuffer(buffer);

camera.setPreviewCallbackWithBuffer(onYuvFrame);

try {

camera.setPreviewDisplay(preview.getHolder());

} catch (IOException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "preview video failed.");

e.printStackTrace();

return;

}

Log.i(TAG, String.format("start to preview video in %dx%d, buffer %dB", size.width, size.height, buffer.length));

camera.startPreview();

计算YUV的buffer的函数,需要根据文档计算,而不是简单“*3/2”:

[java] view
plain copy







// for the buffer for YV12(android YUV), @see below:

// https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/Camera.Parameters.html#setPreviewFormat(int)
// https://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/ImageFormat.html#YV12
private int getYuvBuffer(int width, int height) {

// stride = ALIGN(width, 16)

int stride = (int)Math.ceil(width / 16.0) * 16;

// y_size = stride * height

int y_size = stride * height;

// c_stride = ALIGN(stride/2, 16)

int c_stride = (int)Math.ceil(width / 32.0) * 16;

// c_size = c_stride * height/2

int c_size = c_stride * height / 2;

// size = y_size + c_size * 2

return y_size + c_size * 2;

}

图像编码

第二个环节,设置编码器参数,并启动:

[java] view
plain copy







// encoder yuv to 264 es stream.

// requires sdk level 16+, Android 4.1, 4.1.1, the JELLY_BEAN

try {

encoder = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(VCODEC);

} catch (IOException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "create encoder failed.");

e.printStackTrace();

return;

}

ebi = new MediaCodec.BufferInfo();

presentationTimeUs = new Date().getTime() * 1000;

// start the encoder.

// @see https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodec.html
MediaFormat format = MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, vsize.width, vsize.height);

format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, 125000);

format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, 15);

format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, chooseColorFormat());

format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, 5);

encoder.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);

encoder.start();

Log.i(TAG, "encoder start");

其中,colorFormat需要从编码器支持的格式中选取,否则会有不支持的错误:

[java] view
plain copy







// choose the right supported color format. @see below:

// https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodecInfo.html
// https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities.html
private int chooseColorFormat() {

MediaCodecInfo ci = null;

int nbCodecs = MediaCodecList.getCodecCount();

for (int i = 0; i < nbCodecs; i++) {

MediaCodecInfo mci = MediaCodecList.getCodecInfoAt(i);

if (!mci.isEncoder()) {

continue;

}

String[] types = mci.getSupportedTypes();

for (int j = 0; j < types.length; j++) {

if (types[j].equalsIgnoreCase(VCODEC)) {

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("encoder %s types: %s", mci.getName(), types[j]));

ci = mci;

break;

}

}

}

int matchedColorFormat = 0;

MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities cc = ci.getCapabilitiesForType(VCODEC);

for (int i = 0; i < cc.colorFormats.length; i++) {

int cf = cc.colorFormats[i];

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("encoder %s supports color fomart %d", ci.getName(), cf));

// choose YUV for h.264, prefer the bigger one.

if (cf >= cc.COLOR_FormatYUV411Planar && cf <= cc.COLOR_FormatYUV422SemiPlanar) {

if (cf > matchedColorFormat) {

matchedColorFormat = cf;

}

}

}

Log.i(TAG, String.format("encoder %s choose color format %d", ci.getName(), matchedColorFormat));

return matchedColorFormat;

}

第三个环节,在YUV图像回调中,送给编码器,并获取输出:

[java] view
plain copy







// when got YUV frame from camera.

// @see https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodec.html
final Camera.PreviewCallback onYuvFrame = new Camera.PreviewCallback() {

@Override

public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("got YUV image, size=%d", data.length));

// feed the encoder with yuv frame, got the encoded 264 es stream.

ByteBuffer[] inBuffers = encoder.getInputBuffers();

ByteBuffer[] outBuffers = encoder.getOutputBuffers();

if (true) {

int inBufferIndex = encoder.dequeueInputBuffer(-1);

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("try to dequeue input buffer, ii=%d", inBufferIndex));

if (inBufferIndex >= 0) {

ByteBuffer bb = inBuffers[inBufferIndex];

bb.clear();

bb.put(data, 0, data.length);

long pts = new Date().getTime() * 1000 - presentationTimeUs;

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("feed YUV to encode %dB, pts=%d", data.length, pts / 1000));

encoder.queueInputBuffer(inBufferIndex, 0, data.length, pts, 0);

}

for (;;) {

int outBufferIndex = encoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(ebi, 0);

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("try to dequeue output buffer, ii=%d, oi=%d", inBufferIndex, outBufferIndex));

if (outBufferIndex >= 0) {

ByteBuffer bb = outBuffers[outBufferIndex];

onEncodedAnnexbFrame(bb, ebi);

encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(outBufferIndex, false);

}

if (outBufferIndex < 0) {

break;

}

}

}

// to fetch next frame.

camera.addCallbackBuffer(buffer);

}

};

MUX为FLV流

获取编码的annexb数据后,调用函数发送到服务器:

[java] view
plain copy







// when got encoded h264 es stream.

private void onEncodedAnnexbFrame(ByteBuffer es, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bi) {

try {

muxer.writeSampleData(videoTrack, es, bi);

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.e(TAG, "muxer write sample failed.");

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

最后这个环节,一般会用librtmp或者srslibrtmp,或者ffmpeg发送。如果服务器能直接支持http post,那么就可以使用HttpURLConnection直接发送了。SRS3将会支持HTTP-FLV推流;因此只需要将编码的annexb格式的数据,转换成flv后发送给SRS服务器。

SRS2支持了HTTP FLV Stream caster,也就是支持POST一个flv流到服务器,就相当于RTMP的publish了。可以直接使用android-publisher提供的FlvMuxer,将annexb数据打包发送,参考:https://github.com/simple-rtmp-server/android-publisher

其中,annexb打包的过程如下:

[java] view
plain copy







public void writeVideoSample(final ByteBuffer bb, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bi) throws Exception {

int pts = (int)(bi.presentationTimeUs / 1000);

int dts = (int)pts;

ArrayList<SrsAnnexbFrame> ibps = new ArrayList<SrsAnnexbFrame>();

int frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.InterFrame;

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("video %d/%d bytes, offset=%d, position=%d, pts=%d", bb.remaining(), bi.size, bi.offset, bb.position(), pts));

// send each frame.

while (bb.position() < bi.size) {

SrsAnnexbFrame frame = avc.annexb_demux(bb, bi);

// 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax,

// H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.

// 7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame

int nal_unit_type = (int)(frame.frame.get(0) & 0x1f);

if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.SPS || nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.PPS) {

Log.i(TAG, String.format("annexb demux %dB, pts=%d, frame=%dB, nalu=%d", bi.size, pts, frame.size, nal_unit_type));

}

// for IDR frame, the frame is keyframe.

if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.IDR) {

frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.KeyFrame;

}

// ignore the nalu type aud(9)

if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.AccessUnitDelimiter) {

continue;

}

// for sps

if (avc.is_sps(frame)) {

byte[] sps = new byte[frame.size];

frame.frame.get(sps);

if (utils.srs_bytes_equals(h264_sps, sps)) {

continue;

}

h264_sps_changed = true;

h264_sps = sps;

continue;

}

// for pps

if (avc.is_pps(frame)) {

byte[] pps = new byte[frame.size];

frame.frame.get(pps);

if (utils.srs_bytes_equals(h264_pps, pps)) {

continue;

}

h264_pps_changed = true;

h264_pps = pps;

continue;

}

// ibp frame.

SrsAnnexbFrame nalu_header = avc.mux_ibp_frame(frame);

ibps.add(nalu_header);

ibps.add(frame);

}

write_h264_sps_pps(dts, pts);

write_h264_ipb_frame(ibps, frame_type, dts, pts);

}

至于发送到服务器,其实就是使用系统的HTTP客户端。代码如下:

[java] view
plain copy







private void reconnect() throws Exception {

// when bos not null, already connected.

if (bos != null) {

return;

}

disconnect();

URL u = new URL(url);

conn = (HttpURLConnection)u.openConnection();

Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: connect to SRS by url=%s", url));

conn.setDoOutput(true);

conn.setChunkedStreamingMode(0);

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream");

bos = new BufferedOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());

Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: muxer opened, url=%s", url));

// write 13B header

// 9bytes header and 4bytes first previous-tag-size

byte[] flv_header = new byte[]{

'F', 'L', 'V', // Signatures "FLV"

(byte) 0x01, // File version (for example, 0x01 for FLV version 1)

(byte) 0x00, // 4, audio; 1, video; 5 audio+video.

(byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x09, // DataOffset UI32 The length of this header in bytes

(byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00

};

bos.write(flv_header);

bos.flush();

Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: flv header ok."));

sendFlvTag(bos, videoSequenceHeader);

}

private void sendFlvTag(BufferedOutputStream bos, SrsFlvFrame frame) throws IOException {

if (frame == null) {

return;

}

if (frame.frame_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.KeyFrame) {

Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: got frame type=%d, dts=%d, size=%dB", frame.type, frame.dts, frame.tag.size));

} else {

//Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: got frame type=%d, dts=%d, size=%dB", frame.type, frame.dts, frame.tag.size));

}

// cache the sequence header.

if (frame.type == SrsCodecFlvTag.Video && frame.avc_aac_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCType.SequenceHeader) {

videoSequenceHeader = frame;

}

if (bos == null || frame.tag.size <= 0) {

return;

}

// write the 11B flv tag header

ByteBuffer th = ByteBuffer.allocate(11);

// Reserved UB [2]

// Filter UB [1]

// TagType UB [5]

// DataSize UI24

int tag_size = (int)((frame.tag.size & 0x00FFFFFF) | ((frame.type & 0x1F) << 24));

th.putInt(tag_size);

// Timestamp UI24

// TimestampExtended UI8

int time = (int)((frame.dts << 8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | ((frame.dts >> 24) & 0x000000FF);

th.putInt(time);

// StreamID UI24 Always 0.

th.put((byte)0);

th.put((byte)0);

th.put((byte)0);

bos.write(th.array());

// write the flv tag data.

byte[] data = frame.tag.frame.array();

bos.write(data, 0, frame.tag.size);

// write the 4B previous tag size.

// @remark, we append the tag size, this is different to SRS which write RTMP packet.

ByteBuffer pps = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);

pps.putInt((int)(frame.tag.size + 11));

bos.write(pps.array());

bos.flush();

if (frame.frame_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.KeyFrame) {

Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: send frame type=%d, dts=%d, size=%dB, tag_size=%#x, time=%#x",

frame.type, frame.dts, frame.tag.size, tag_size, time

));

}

}

全部使用Java代码,最后apk编译出来才1405KB,稳定性也高很多,我已经在上班路上直播过了,除了码率低不太清楚,还没有死掉过。

Winlin
内容来自用户分享和网络整理,不保证内容的准确性,如有侵权内容,可联系管理员处理 点击这里给我发消息
标签: