模块
2016-06-12 09:15
387 查看
time & datetime模块
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_ import time import datetime print(time.clock()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 print(time.process_time()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 print(time.time()) #返回当前系统时间戳 print(time.ctime()) #输出Tue Jan 26 18:23:48 2016 ,当前系统时间 print(time.ctime(time.time()-86640)) #将时间戳转为字符串格式 print(time.gmtime(time.time()-86640)) #将时间戳转换成struct_time格式 print(time.localtime(time.time()-86640)) #将时间戳转换成struct_time格式,但返回 的本地时间 print(time.mktime(time.localtime())) #与time.localtime()功能相反,将struct_time格式转回成时间戳格式 #time.sleep(4) #sleep print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.gmtime()) ) #将struct_time格式转成指定的字符串格式 print(time.strptime("2016-01-28","%Y-%m-%d") ) #将字符串格式转换成struct_time格式 #datetime module print(datetime.date.today()) #输出格式 2016-01-26 print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()-864400) ) #2016-01-16 将时间戳转成日期格式 current_time = datetime.datetime.now() # print(current_time) #输出2016-01-26 19:04:30.335935 print(current_time.timetuple()) #返回struct_time格式 #datetime.replace([year[, month[, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]]]]) print(current_time.replace(2014,9,12)) #输出2014-09-12 19:06:24.074900,返回当前时间,但指定的值将被替换 str_to_date = datetime.datetime.strptime("21/11/06 16:30", "%d/%m/%y %H:%M") #将字符串转换成日期格式 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=10) #比现在加10天 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-10) #比现在减10天 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=-10) #比现在减10小时 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=120) #比现在+120s print(new_date)
可以参考官网网址 https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html?highlight=os#module-os
sys模块
sys.argv 命令行参数List,第一个元素是程序本身路径 sys.exit(n) 退出程序,正常退出时exit(0) sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息 sys.maxint 最大的Int值 sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径,初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值 sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称 sys.stdout.write('please:') val = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]
logging模块
很多程序都有记录日志的需求,并且日志中包含的信息即有正常的程序访问日志,还可能有错误、警告等信息输出,python的logging模块提供了标准的日志接口,你可以通过它存储各种格式的日志,logging的日志可以分为 debug()
, info()
, warning()
, error()
and
critical() 5个级别,下面我们看一下怎么用。
最简单用法
import logging logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times") logging.critical("server is down") #输出 WARNING:root:user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times CRITICAL:root:server is down
看一下这几个日志级别分别代表什么意思
Level | When it’s used |
---|---|
DEBUG |
Detailed information, typically of interest only when diagnosing problems. |
INFO |
Confirmation that things are working as expected. |
WARNING |
An indication that something unexpected happened, or indicative of some problem in the near future (e.g. ‘disk space low’). The software is still working as expected. |
ERROR |
Due to a more serious problem, the software has not been able to perform some function. |
CRITICAL |
A serious error, indicating that the program itself may be unable to continue running. |
如果想把日志写到文件里,也很简单
import logging logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.INFO) logging.debug('This message should go to the log file') logging.info('So should this') logging.warning('And this, too')
其中下面这句中的level=loggin.INFO意思是,把日志纪录级别设置为INFO,也就是说,只有比日志是INFO或比INFO级别更高的日志才会被纪录到文件里,在这个例子, 第一条日志是不会被纪录的,如果希望纪录debug的日志,那把日志级别改成DEBUG就行了。
logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.INFO)
感觉上面的日志格式忘记加上时间啦,日志不知道时间怎么行呢,下面就来加上!
import logging logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p') logging.warning('is when this event was logged.') #输出 12/12/2010 11:46:36 AM is when this event was logged.
如果想同时把log打印在屏幕和文件日志里,就需要了解一点复杂的知识 了
The logging library takes a modular approach and offers several categories of components: loggers, handlers, filters, and formatters.
- Loggers expose the interface that application code directly uses.
- Handlers send the log records (created by loggers) to the appropriate destination.
- Filters provide a finer grained facility for determining which log records to output.
- Formatters specify the layout of log records in the final output.
import logging #create logger logger = logging.getLogger('TEST-LOG') logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # create console handler and set level to debug ch = logging.StreamHandler() ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # create file handler and set level to warning fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log") fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING) # create formatter formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') # add formatter to ch and fh ch.setFormatter(formatter) fh.setFormatter(formatter) # add ch and fh to logger logger.addHandler(ch) logger.addHandler(fh) # 'application' code logger.debug('debug message') logger.info('info message') logger.warn('warn message') logger.error('error message') logger.critical('critical message')
相关文章推荐
- Xbox Kit 游戏开发模块简介
- nginx 源码学习笔记(五)——nginx精粹-模块
- 《易道客》源码剖析之一:模块的目录结构分析
- nginx 自定义协议 扩展模块开发
- Nginx 和 GeoIP 模块的使用
- SaltStack Job 管理 及 saltutil.signal_job 模块的问题
- pywifi 模块的安装
- Python BaseHTTPServer 模块解析
- Python 外部模块numpy安装
- 模块加载规范对比
- 使用Python内置的模块与函数进行不同进制的数的转换
- rails 网络接口模块
- 传智播客--OA的岗位管理功能模块的实现总结
- java QQ项目详细设计设计系列 之 ——申请模块
- python2.7 MySQLdb模块在win32下安装
- Arcgis9.3升级到10.1过程中错误“无法加载 DLL,ArcGISVersion.dll: 找不到指定的模块”解决方案
- NodeJS 常用模块推荐
- 基于Servlet、JSP、JDBC、MySQL的一个简单的用户注册模块(附完整源码)
- 在Perl中使用Getopt::Long模块来接收用户命令行参数
- saltstack 常用的模块