springmvc的快速实例

创建好web项目后：

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

<!-- 中央控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- struts习惯使用/*，在springmvc不管用 -->
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd ">
<!-- 需要配置controller，handlerMapping，ViewResolver, interceptor -->

<!-- 映射处理器之间是独立的，不相互影响 -->
<!-- 默认的映射处理器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

<!-- 简单url的映射处理器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/hello1.do">testController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<!-- 控制器的类名映射处理器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"></bean>

<!-- 使用默认的映射处理器来映射controller -->
<bean id="testController" name="/hello.do" class="cn.itcast.springmvc.TestController"></bean>

<!-- 前缀+ viewName +后缀 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- webroot到某一指定的文件夹的路径 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<!-- 视图名称的后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

TestController.java

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

public class TestController extends AbstractController {

@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
System.out.println("hello springmvc");
//viewName不是jsp的名称而是前缀与后缀之间的路径字符串
return new ModelAndView("jsp1/index");
}

}

这就完成了springmvc的web层的简单开发了。大概已经了解springmvc的web开发的步骤。

注解开发模式：

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

<!-- 中央控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- struts习惯使用/*，在springmvc不管用 -->
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd ">

<!-- mvc的注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 一旦有扫描器的定义mvc:annotation-driven不需要，扫描器已经有了注解驱动的功能 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.springmvc"/>

<!-- 前缀+ viewName +后缀 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- webroot到某一指定的文件夹的路径 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<!-- 视图名称的后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>

<!-- id="multipartResolver"必须是multipartResolver -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- maxUploadSize:文件上传的最大值以byte为单位 -->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="1024000"></property>
</bean>

<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- 某一模块的拦截：/myPath/**, 拦截所有的请求/**-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="cn.itcast.springmvc.interceptor.MyIntercepor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

TestController.java

@Controller//用来标注当前类是springmvc的控制层的类
@RequestMapping("/test")//controller的唯一标识或者命名空间
public class TestController {
/**
* desc：方法的返回值是ModelAndView中的viewName
*/
@RequestMapping("/hello.do")//用来访问控制层的方法的注解
public String hello(){
System.out.println("hello springmvc with annotation");
return "jsp1/index";
}

/**
* desc：HttpServletRequest可以直接定义在参数的列表，可以使用
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson.do")
public String toPerson(HttpServletRequest request){
String result = request.getParameter("name");
System.out.println(result);
return "jsp1/index";
}

/**
*
* desc：在参数列表上直接定义要接收的参数名称，只要参数名称能匹配的上就能接收所传过来的数据,
* 可以自动转换成参数列表里面的类型，注意的是值与类型之间是可以转换的
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson1.do")
public String toPerson1(String name, Integer age, String address, Date birthday){
System.out.println(name + " "+ age + " "+ address + " " +birthday);
return "jsp1/index";
}

/**
*
* desc：传递的参数的名字必须要与实体类的属性set方法后面的字符串匹配的上才能接收到参数，首字符的大小写不区分
* 请求中传的参数只要是能和参数列表里面的变量名或者实体里面的set后面的字符串匹配的上就能接收到
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson2.do")
public String toPerson2(Person person, User user){
System.out.println(person);
System.out.println(user);
return "jsp1/index";
}

/**
*
* desc：对数组的接收
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson3.do")
public String toPerson3(String[] name){
for(String result : name){
System.out.println(result);
}
return "jsp1/index";
}

/**
*
* desc：方法的返回值采用ModelAndView， new ModelAndView("index", map);
* ，相当于把结果数据放到request里面
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson4.do")
public ModelAndView toPerson4() throws Exception{
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("james");
person.setAge(28);
person.setAddress("maami");
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = format.parse("1985-04-22");
person.setBirthday(date);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("p", person);
return new ModelAndView("index", map);
}

/**
*
* desc：直接在方法的参数列表中来定义Map，这个Map即使ModelAndView里面的Map，
* 由视图解析器统一处理，统一走ModelAndView的接口
* 也不建议使用
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson5.do")
public String toPerson5(Map<String, Object> map) throws Exception{
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("james");
person.setAge(28);
person.setAddress("maami");
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = format.parse("1985-04-22");
person.setBirthday(date);
map.put("p", person);
return "index";
}
/**
*
* desc：在参数列表中直接定义Model，model.addAttribute("p", person);把参数值放到request类里面去，建议使用
*/
@RequestMapping("/toPerson6.do")
public String toPerson6(Model model) throws Exception{
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("james");
person.setAge(28);
person.setAddress("maami");
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = format.parse("1985-04-22");
person.setBirthday(date);
//把参数值放到request类里面去
model.addAttribute("p", person);
return "index";
}

/**
*
* desc：ajax的请求返回值类型应该是void，参数列表里直接定义HttpServletResponse，
* 获得PrintWriter的类，最后可把结果写到页面
* 不建议使用
*/
@RequestMapping("/ajax.do")
public void ajax(String name, HttpServletResponse response){
String result = "hello " +name;
try {
response.getWriter().write(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

/**
*
* desc：直接在参数的列表上定义PrintWriter，out.write(result);把结果写到页面，建议使用的
*/
@RequestMapping("/ajax1.do")
public void ajax1(String name, PrintWriter out){
String result = "hello " +name;
out.write(result);
}

@RequestMapping("/toAjax.do")
public String toAjax(){
return "ajax";
}
@RequestMapping("/toForm.do")
public String toForm(){
return "form";
}

/**
*
* desc：controller内部重定向，redirect:加上同一个controller中的requestMapping的值
*/
@RequestMapping("/redirectToForm.do")
public String redirectToForm(){
return "redirect:toForm.do";
}

/**
*
* desc：controller之间的重定向：必须要指定好controller的命名空间再指定requestMapping的值，
* redirect：后必须要加/,是从根目录开始

*/
@RequestMapping("/redirectToForm1.do")
public String redirectToForm1(){
return "redirect:/test1/toForm.do";
}

/**
*
* desc：@RequestMapping( method=RequestMethod.POST )可以指定请求方式，前台页面就必须要以它制定好的方式来访问，否则出现405错误
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/toPerson7.do", method=RequestMethod.POST )
public String toPerson7(Person person){
System.out.println(person);
return "jsp1/index";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/toPerson8.do")
public String toPerson8(Person person,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
//第一步转化request
MultipartHttpServletRequest rm = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
//获得文件
CommonsMultipartFile cfile = (CommonsMultipartFile) rm.getFile("pic");
//获得文件的字节数组

byte[] bfile = cfile.getBytes();
String fileName = "";
//获得当前时间的最小精度
SimpleDateFormat format =  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS");
fileName = format.format(new Date());
//获得三位随机数
Random random = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
fileName = fileName + random.nextInt(9);
}
//获得原始文件名
String origFileName = cfile.getOriginalFilename();
//XXX.jpg
String suffix = origFileName.substring(origFileName.lastIndexOf("."));
//拿到项目的部署路径
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
//定义文件的输出流
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File(path+"/upload/"+fileName+suffix));
out.write(bfile);
out.flush();
out.close();

return "jsp1/index";
}

/**
*
* desc：注册时间类型的属性编辑器
*/
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
}

}

MyIntercepor.java

public class MyIntercepor implements HandlerInterceptor {

/**
* 执行时机：视图已经被解析完毕,类似try catch 后的finally
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
ex.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("================");
}

/**
* 执行时机：controller执行完，视图解析器没有把视图解析成页面,
* 对视图做统一的修改，主要体现在Model上
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandler...");
Map<String, Object> map = mv.getModel();
map.put("test", "append something");
}

/**
* 执行时机：在执行controller之前来执行
* 返回值类型：boolean：true代表放行可以访问controller，false不可以访问controller
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHander...");
return true;
}

}

实体类

Person.java

public class Person {

private String name;

private Integer age;

private String address;

private Date birthday;
//省略set/get
}

User.java

public class User {

private String name;
private Integer age;
//省略get/set
 }

jsp页面

form.jsp

<form action="test/toPerson8.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
name:<input name="name" type="text"><br>
age:<input name="age" type="text"><br>
address:<input name="address" type="text"><br>
birthday:<input name="birthday" type="text"><br>
pic:<input type="file" name="pic"><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit"><br>
</form>

ajax.jsp

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
$("#mybutton").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"test/ajax1.do",
type:"post",
dataType:"text",
data:{
name:"zhangsan"
},
success:function(responseText){
alert(responseText);
},
error:function(){
alert("system error");
}
});
});
});

</script>
</head>

<body>
<input id="mybutton" type="button" value="click">
</body>