VIM教程 Learn Vim Progressively

VIM的英文教程资料

Learn Vim Progressively

TL;DR: You want to teach yourself vim (the
best text editor known to human kind) in the fastest way possible. This is my way of doing it. You start by learning the minimal to survive, then you integrate all the tricks slowly.

Vim the Six Billion Dollar editor

Better, Stronger, Faster.

Learn vim and it will be your last text editor. There isn’t
any better text editor that I know of. It is hard to learn, but incredible to use.
I suggest you teach yourself Vim in 4 steps:
Survive
Feel comfortable
Feel Better, Stronger, Faster
Use superpowers of vim
By the end of this journey, you’ll become a vim superstar.
But before we start, just a warning. Learning vim will be painful at first. It will take time. It will be a lot like playing a musical instrument. Don’t expect to be more efficient with vim
than with another editor in less than 3 days. In fact it will certainly take 2 weeks instead of 3 days.

1st Level – Survive

Install vim
Launch vim
DO NOTHING! Read.
In a standard editor, typing on the keyboard is enough to write something and see it on the screen. Not this time. Vim is in Normalmode. Let’s go to Insert mode.
Type the letter 

i

.
You should feel a bit better. You can type letters like in a standard editor. To get back to Normal mode just press the 

ESC

 key.
You now know how to switch between Insert and Normal mode. And now, here are the commands that you need in order
to survive inNormal mode:

i

 → Insert mode.
Type 

ESC

 to return to Normal mode.

x

 → Delete the char under the
cursor

:wq

 → Save and Quit (

:w

 save, 

:q

 quit)

dd

 → Delete (and copy) the current
line

p

 → Paste
Recommended:

hjkl

 (highly recommended but
not mandatory) → basic cursor move (←↓↑→). Hint: 

j

 looks
like a down arrow.

:help <command>

 → Show help
about 

<command>

. You can use 

:help

 without
a 

<command>

 to get general help.

Only 5 commands. That is all you need to get started. Once these command start to become natural (maybe after a day or so), you should move on to level 2.
But first, just a little remark about Normal mode. In standard editors, to copy you have to use the 

Ctrl

 key
(

Ctrl-c

 generally). In fact, when you press 

Ctrl

,
it is as if all of your keys change meaning. Using vim in normal mode is a bit like having the editor automatically press the 

Ctrl

 key
for you.
A last word about notations:
instead of writing 

Ctrl-λ

, I’ll
write 

<C-λ>

.
commands starting with 

:

 end
with 

<enter>

. For example, when
I write 

:q

, I mean 

:q<enter>

.

2nd Level – Feel comfortable

You know the commands required for survival. It’s time to learn a few more commands. These are my suggestions:

Insert mode variations:

a

 → insert after the cursor

o

 → insert a new line after
the current one

O

 → insert a new line before
the current one

cw

 → replace from the cursor
to the end of the word

Basic moves

0

 → go to the first column

^

 → go to the first non-blank
character of the line

$

 → go to the end of line

g_

 → go to the last non-blank
character of line

/pattern

 → search for 

pattern

Copy/Paste

P

 → paste before, remember 

p

 is
paste after current position.

yy

 → copy the current line,
easier but equivalent to 

ddP

Undo/Redo

u

 → undo

<C-r>

 → redo

Load/Save/Quit/Change File (Buffer)

:e <path/to/file>

 → open

:w

 → save

:saveas <path/to/file>

 → save
to 

<path/to/file>

:x

, 

ZZ

 or 

:wq

 →
save and quit (

:x

 only save if
necessary)

:q!

 → quit without saving, also: 

:qa!

 to
quit even if there are modified hidden buffers.

:bn

 (resp. 

:bp

)
→ show next (resp. previous) file (buffer)

Take the time to learn all of these command. Once done, you should be able to do every thing you are able to do in other editors. You may still feel a bit awkward. But follow me to the next
level and you’ll see why vim is worth the extra work.

3rd Level – Better. Stronger. Faster.

Congratulation for reaching this far! Now we can start with the interesting stuff. At level 3, we’ll only talk about commands which are compatible with the old vi editor.

Better

Let’s look at how vim could help you to repeat yourself:

.

 → (dot) will repeat the last command,
N<command> → will repeat the command N times.
Some examples, open a file and type:

2dd

 → will delete 2 lines

3p

 → will paste the text 3 times

100idesu [ESC]

 → will write
“desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu
desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu”

.

 → Just after the last command
will write again the 100 “desu”.

3.

 → Will write 3 “desu” (and
not 300, how clever).

Stronger

Knowing how to move efficiently with vim is very important. Don’t skip this section.
N

G

 → Go to line N

gg

 → shortcut for 

1G

 -
go to the start of the file

G

 → Go to last line

Word moves:

w

 → go to the start of the following word,

e

 → go to the end of this word.
By default, words are composed of letters and the underscore character. Let’s call a WORD a group of letter separated by blank characters. If you want to consider WORDS, then just use uppercase
characters:

W

 → go to the start of the following WORD,

E

 → go to the end of this WORD.



Now let’s talk about very efficient moves:

%

 : Go to the corresponding 

(

, 

{

, 

[

.

*

 (resp. 

#

)
: go to next (resp. previous) occurrence of the word under the cursor

Believe me, the last three commands are gold.

Faster

Remember about the importance of vi moves? Here is the reason. Most commands can be used using the following general format:

<start
position><command><end position>

For example : 

0y$

 means

0

 → go to the beginning of this
line

y

 → yank from here

$

 → up to the end of this line
We also can do things like 

ye

,
yank from here to the end of the word. But also 

y2/foo

 yank
up to the second occurrence of “foo”.
But what was true for 

y

 (yank),
is also true for 

d

 (delete), 

v

 (visual
select), 

gU

 (uppercase), 

gu

 (lowercase),
etc…

4th Level – Vim Superpowers

With all preceding commands you should be comfortable using vim. But now, here are the killer features. Some of these features were the reason I started to use vim.

Move on current line: 

0

 

^

 

$

 

g_

 

f

 

F

 

t

 

T

 

,

 

;

0

 → go to column 0

^

 → go to first character on
the line

$

 → go to the last column

g_

 → go to the last character
on the line

fa

 → go to next occurrence of
the letter 

a

 on the line. 

,

(resp. 

;

)
will find the next (resp. previous) occurrence.

t,

 → go to just before the character 

,

.

3fa

 → find the 3rd occurrence
of 

a

 on this line.

F

 and 

T

 →
like 

f

 and 

t

 but
backward.



A useful tip is: 

dt"

 →
remove everything until the 

"

.

Zone selection 

<action>a<object>

 or

<action>i<object>

These command can only be used after an operator in visual mode. But they are very powerful. Their main pattern is:

<action>a<object>

 and 

<action>i<object>

Where action can be any action, for example, 

d

 (delete), 

y

 (yank), 

v

(select
in visual mode). The object can be: 

w

 a word, 

W

 a
WORD (extended word), 

s

 a sentence, 

p

 a
paragraph. But also, natural character such as 

"

, 

'

, 

)

, 

}

, 

]

.
Suppose the cursor is on the first 

o

 of 

(map
(+) ("foo"))

.

vi"

 → will select 

foo

.

va"

 → will select 

"foo"

.

vi)

 → will select 

"foo"

.

va)

 → will select 

("foo")

.

v2i)

 → will select 

map
(+) ("foo")

v2a)

 → will select 

(map
(+) ("foo"))

Select rectangular blocks: 

<C-v>

.

Rectangular blocks are very useful for commenting many lines of code. Typically: 

0<C-v><C-d>I--
[ESC]

^

 → go to the first non-blank
character of the line

<C-v>

 → Start block selection

<C-d>

 → move down (could also
be 

jjj

 or 

%

,
etc…)

I-- [ESC]

 → write 

--

 to
comment each line



Note: in Windows you might have to use 

<C-q>

 instead
of 

<C-v>

 if your clipboard is not empty.

Completion: 

<C-n>

 and 

<C-p>

.

In Insert mode, just type the start of a word, then type 

<C-p>

,
magic…

Macros : 

qa

 do something 

q

, 

@a

, 

@@

qa

 record
your actions in the register 

a

.
Then 

@a

 will replay the macro saved into the register 

a

 as
if you typed it. 

@@

 is a shortcut to replay the
last executed macro.

Example
On a line containing only the number 1, type this:

qaYp<C-a>q

 →

qa

 start recording.

Yp

 duplicate this line.

<C-a>

 increment the number.

q

 stop recording.

@a

 → write 2 under the 1

@@

 → write 3 under the 2
Now do 

100@@

 will create a list
of increasing numbers until 103.

Visual selection: 

v

,

V

,

<C-v>

We saw an example with 

<C-v>

.
There is also 

v

 and 

V

.
Once the selection has been made, you can:

J

 → join all the lines together.

<

 (resp. 

>

)
→ indent to the left (resp. to the right).

=

 → auto indent



Add something at the end of all visually selected lines:

<C-v>

go to desired line (

jjj

 or 

<C-d>

 or 

/pattern

 or 

%

 etc…)

$

 go to the end of the line

A

, write text, 

ESC

.

Splits: 

:split

 and 

vsplit

.

These are the most important commands, but you should look at 

:help
split

.

:split

 → create a split (

:vsplit

 create
a vertical split)

<C-w><dir>

 : where dir is any
of 

hjkl

 or ←↓↑→ to change the split.

<C-w>_

 (resp. 

<C-w>|

)
: maximise the size of the split (resp. vertical split)

<C-w>+

 (resp. 

<C-w>-

)
: Grow (resp. shrink) split

Conclusion

That was 90% of the commands I use every day. I suggest that you learn no more than one or two new commands per day. After two to three weeks you’ll start to feel the power of vim in your hands.
Learning Vim is more a matter of training than plain memorization. Fortunately vim comes with some very good tools and excellent documentation. Run vimtutor until you are familiar with most
basic commands. Also, you should read this page carefully: 

:help
usr_02.txt

.
Then, you will learn about 

!

,
folds, registers, plugins and many other features. Learn vim like you’d learn piano and all should be fine.

转自：http://yannesposito.com/Scratch/en/blog/Learn-Vim-Progressively/