mysql

windows 下的mysql 启动，停止

net start 服务名
net stop 服务名

例如：

net start mysql
net stop mysql

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mysql -hIP -Pport -uuser -p

针对的操作对象，分成不同的语言

1、数据管理语言DML

2、数据定义语言（对保存数据的格式进行定义）DDL

3、数据库管理语言（针对数据库服务软件）DCL

a、按照指定模式查询表

show tables like ['pattern']
例如：
mysql> show tables like 'stu%';
+--------------------------+
| Tables_in_student (stu%) |
+--------------------------+
| stu                      |
| stu_exam                 |
+--------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其中‘%’是正则表达式代表任意个数任意字符的组合。

b、显示表的创建信息
mysql> show create table stu;
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                               |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| stu   | CREATE TABLE `stu` (
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`passwd` varchar(10) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看出，显示的结果有点杂乱，此时我们可以使用\G作为结束符。

mysql> show create table stu\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: stu
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` (
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`passwd` varchar(10) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

c、查看表结构
mysql> desc stu;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name   | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| passwd | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

d、删除表
drop table [if exists] table_name;

e、修改表
修改表名，列（字段定义），表属性
重命名表
rename table old_table_name to new_table_name;

mysql> rename table stu_exam to stu_info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_student |
+-------------------+
| stu_info          |
| ts                |
+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其中rename还支持扩数据库重命名[相当与剪切]

修改表的操作
alter table table_name add|modify|change|drop
增加新列
add 新列
alter table ts add age int;

mysql> alter table ts add age int;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc ts;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除列
drop 列
alter table ts drop age;

mysql> alter table ts drop age;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc ts;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改列属性
modify
alter table ts modify name varchar(20);

mysql> alter table ts modify name varchar(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.47 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc ts;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

重命名一个列
change
alter table ts change name myname varchar(10);

mysql> alter table ts change name myname varchar(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc ts;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| myname | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)