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就是这么简单！使用Rest-assured 测试Restful Web Services

2016-05-06 16:02 816 查看

使用 Rest-assured 测试 Restful Web Services

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这里向大家介绍一个测试Restful web service 的框架，叫Rest-assured.

他提供了一系列好的功能，像DSL式的语法， XPath-Validate, 文件上传，Specification重用，使用代理， Spring MVC mock module测试Controllers等等，让你在Java里面测试Rest service 和那些动态语言Ruby, Groovy一样灵活。

目录
1. 前提
2. 配置
3. Example详解
4. Troubleshooting
5. 参考来源

前提条件

JDK >= 1.6
Maven 3

配置Maven工程pom文件如下

<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.restassured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Example

a) 测试一个GET 请求方法，

请求URL : http://10.46.28.193:8080/service/v1/user/login
返回JSON内容如下

{
"userInfo": {
"password": null,
"userId": "wadexu",
"accessSecurityCodes": "10000000000000000000",
"firstName": "Wade",
"lastName": "Xu",
"status": 8,
"officePhone": "58730",
"email": "wadexu@test.com",
"homePhone": "123"
},
"success": true,
"error": null
}

测试代码如下：

@Before
public void setUp() {
RestAssured.baseURI= "http://10.46.28.193";
RestAssured.port = 8080;
RestAssured.basePath = "/service/v1";
}

@Test
public void testUserLogin() {
expect().
statusCode(200).
body(
"success", equalTo(true),
"userInfo.userId", equalTo("wadexu"),
"userInfo.firstName", equalTo("Wade"),
"userInfo.lastName", equalTo("Xu"),
"error", equalTo(null)).
when().
get("/user/login?userName=wadexu&password=NzrmRcIfIW4=");
}

注意我这里请求时的参数直接塞进了URL里，稍后会讲到如何指明参数。

b) 如何使用JSON path

还是同上面的例子，测试代码如下：

@Test
public void testUserLogin_JsonPath() {
Response response = get("/user/login?userName=wadexu&password=NzrmRcIfIW4=");
assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
String json = response.asString();
JsonPath jp = new JsonPath(json);
assertEquals("wadexu", jp.get("userInfo.userId"));
assertEquals("Wade", jp.get("userInfo.firstName"));
assertEquals("Xu", jp.get("userInfo.lastName"));
assertEquals("123", jp.get("userInfo.homePhone"));
}

c) 如何使用参数

Get请求是用queryParam，如果你直接写 param，在这个case里也可以，Rest Assured 会自动判断参数类型(query or form parameter)，在有些case里， Put 或 Post 你得指明参数类型

@Test
public void testUserLogin_Parameter() {
final String userName = "wadexu";
final String password = "NzrmRcIfIW4=";
given().
queryParam("userName", userName).queryParam("password", password).
expect().
statusCode(200).
body("success", equalTo(true),
"userInfo.userId", equalTo("wadexu"),
"userInfo.firstName", equalTo("Wade"),
"userInfo.lastName", equalTo("Xu"),
"error", equalTo(null)).when()
.get("/user/login");
}

另外，有些Post 请求URL后面是有参数的，这时候你可以这样写

post("/reserve/{hotelId}/{roomNumber}", "My Hotel", 23);

或者

given().
pathParam("hotelId", "My Hotel").
pathParam("roomNumber", 23).
when().
post("/reserve/{hotelId}/{roomNumber}").
then().
..

d) 再来看一个POST 请求，这时候需要请求消息体body了，request body是JSON体如下:

{
"customerId": "CDICC",
"broker": "test",
"editUserId": "wadexu"
}

测试代码：

@Test
public void testCreate() {
final String bodyString = "{\"customerId\": \"CDICC\",\"broker\": \"test\",\"editUserId\": \"wadexu\"}";

given().
contentType("application/json").
request().body(bodyString).
expect().
statusCode(200).
body(
"order.orderNumber", is(Number.class),
"order.deleteDate", is(nullValue()),
"success", equalTo(true)).
when().
post("/order");
}

这时除了用到request().body

还多加了一个header 请求消息头 -- ContentType

set Headers 的方法有很多，上面是其一，你还可以按如下方式做：

given().header("Content-Type", "application/json")
given().headers("Accept", "application/json", "Content-Type", "application/json")

另外注意到期望结果的比较没有，这里用到org.hamcrest.Matchers的一些方法，因为Order number 每次不一样，无法判断具体是多少，所以就看是否是数字就行了，删除日期是null value

hamcrest.Matchers 里的各种匹配器有兴趣的童鞋可以研究下, 对测试断言很有帮助。

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e) 同样你还可以verify HTTP Status code

因为我这个service是需要Content-Type=application/json的，而我的case里并没有赋值给contentType, 所以返回会报错 415

The server refused this request because the request entity is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method.

@Test
public void testOpenOrder_error() {
final String orderNumber = "3017";
final String orderVersion = "1";
final String versionType = "";
final String editUserId = "";
final String customerId = "";
final String state = "";
given().
parameters(
"orderNumber", orderNumber,
"orderVersion", orderVersion,
"versionType", versionType,
"editUserId", editUserId,
"customerId", customerId,
"state", state).
expect().
statusCode(415).
when().
post("/order/open");
}

f) Cookies 其实都大同小异了

第一个没有set cookie 结果抛 403

"name":" Forbidden ",
"detail":"The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. Unlike a 401 Unauthorized response, authenticating will make
no difference."

@Test
public void testCookie() {
expect().
statusCode(403).
when().
get("/access");

given().
cookie("userName", "wadexu").
expect().
statusCode(200).
when().
get("/access");
}

g） Authentication

如果你的service需要认证，则需要设置authentication()

否则401 -- Unauthorized

@Test
public void testAuthentication() {
expect().
statusCode(401).
when().
get("/service/user");

expect().
statusCode(200).
when().
with().
authentication().basic("wadexu", "123456").
get("/service/user");
}

H) Specification reuse 规范重用

@Test
public void testSpecReuse() {
ResponseSpecBuilder builder = new ResponseSpecBuilder();
builder.expectStatusCode(200);
builder.expectBody("userInfo.userId", equalTo("wadexu"));
builder.expectBody("userInfo.firstName", equalTo("Wade"));
builder.expectBody("userInfo.lastName", equalTo("Xu"));
builder.expectBody("success", equalTo(true));
ResponseSpecification responseSpec = builder.build();
//use this specification for test example -- a
expect().
spec(responseSpec).
when().
get("/user/login?userName=wadexu&password=NzrmRcIfIW4=");
//now re-use for another example -- c that returns similar data
given().
queryParam("userName", "wadexu").
queryParam("password", "NzrmRcIfIW4=").
expect().
spec(responseSpec).
when().
get("/user/login");
}

如果你还有更多的测试，返回期望结果又类似则可以继续使用 specification，达到重用的目的。

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测试运行

Troubleshooting

有些类需要Static imports

参考我的如下：

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured;
import com.jayway.restassured.builder.ResponseSpecBuilder;
import com.jayway.restassured.path.json.JsonPath;
import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
import com.jayway.restassured.specification.ResponseSpecification;

import static com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured.*;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

设置好你的请求url 路径，默认http://localhost:8080

参考我的base path(即所以请求url 前面相同的部分) 配置如下：

@Before
public void setUp() {
RestAssured.baseURI= "http://10.46.28.193";
RestAssured.port = 8080;
RestAssured.basePath = "/service/v1";
}

“WARNING: Cannot find parser for content-type: text/json — using default parser.”

– 需要注册相关的parser: e.g. RestAssured.registerParser(“text/json”, Parser.JSON);

参考来源

官方文档： https://code.google.com/p/rest-assured/