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Servlet监听器

2016-04-24 16:03 281 查看
监听器可以使你的应用对某些事件作出反应。

· ServletContextListener:应用上下文生命周期监听器。用于监听Web应用的启动和销毁事件。
· ServletContextAttributeListener:应用上下文属性事件监听器。用于监听Web应用上下文中的属性改变的事件。
· ServletRequestListener:请求生命周期监听器。用于监听请求的创建和销毁事件。
· ServletRequestAttributeListener:请求属性事件监听器。用于监听请求中的属性改变的事件。
· HttpSessionListener:会话生命周期监听器。用于监听会话的创建和销毁事件。
· HttpSessionActivationListener:会话激活和钝化事件监听器。用于监听会话的激活和钝化的事件。
· HttpSessionAttributeListener:会话属性事件监听器。用于监听会话中的属性改变的事件。
· HttpSessionBindingListener:会话值绑定事件监听器。这是唯一不需要在web.xml中设定的Listener。
1、创建一个监听器实现类,统计网站在线人数
通过ServletContextListener监听,当Web应用上下文启动时,在ServletContext中添加一个List,用来准备存放在线的用户名;然后,可以通过HttpSessionAttributeListener监听,当用户登录成功,把用户名设置到Session中时,同时将用户名存放到ServletContext中的List列表中;最后通过HttpSessionListener监听,当用户注销会话时,将用户名从应用上下文范围中的List列表中删除。

package com.yyq.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by gao on 16-4-14.
*/
public class OnlineListener implements ServletContextListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener {
private ServletContext application = null;
//往会话中添加属性时回调的方法
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
//取得用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>) this.application.getAttribute("online");
if ("username".equals(httpSessionBindingEvent.getName())) {
//将当前用户名添加到列表中
online.add((String) httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue());
}
//将添加后的列表重新设置到application属性中
this.application.setAttribute("online", online);
}
//应用上下文初始化会回调的方法
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
//初始化一个application对象
this.application = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
//设置一个列表属性,用于保存在线用户名
this.application.setAttribute("online",new LinkedList<String>());
}
//会话销毁时会回调的方法
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
//取得用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>) this.application.getAttribute("online");
//取得当前用户名
String username = (String) httpSessionEvent.getSession().getAttribute("username");
//将此用户名从列表中删除
online.remove(username);
//将删除后的列表重新设置到application属性中
this.application.setAttribute("online", online);
}
//以下方法用空实现
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
}
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
}
}


2、创建用户登录的Servlet类

package com.yyq.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by gao on 16-4-14.
*/
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置响应内容类型
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取请求参数中的用户名
String username = req.getParameter("username");
//往Session中添加属性
//会触发HttpSessionAttributeListener中的attributeAdded方法
if (username != null && !username.equals("")) {
req.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);
}
//从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>) getServletContext().getAttribute("online");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head><title>用户列表</title></head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("当前用户是:" + username);
out.println("<hr/><h3>在线用户列表</h3>>");
int size = ((online == null) ? 0 : online.size());
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
out.println("<br />");
}
out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i));
}
//注意:要对连接URL进行自动重写处理
out.println("<hr/><a href=\"" + resp.encodeURL("logout") + "\">注销</a>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
//空
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
//空
}
}


[b]3、创建用户注销的Servlet类[/b]

package com.yyq.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by gao on 16-4-14.
*/
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置响应内容类型
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//销毁会话,会触发SessionLinstener中的sessionDestroyed方法
req.getSession().invalidate();
//从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute("online");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head><title>用户列表</title></head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.print("<h3>在线用户列表</h3>");
int size = ((online == null) ? 0 : online.size());
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
out.println("<br />");
}
out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i));
}
out.println("<hr><a href=\"index.jsp\">主页</hr>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
//空
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
//空
}
}


4、web.xml配置监听器、LoginServlet和LogoutServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<!--注册一个监听器-->
<listener>
<!--指定监听器实现类的全限定名-->
<listener-class>com.yyq.listener.OnlineListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--配置LoginServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginservlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yyq.listener.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginservlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置LogoutServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>logoutservlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yyq.listener.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>logoutservlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/logout</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>


5、登录页面index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
<input type="submit" value="登录">
<br />
<br />
</form>
</body>
</html>


6、启动Tomcat,输入:http://localhost:8080/index.jsp



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