《Django By Example》读书笔记 01

一、Django环境搭建

系统环境 windows 10 64位

安装python3.4

https://www.python.org/

安装Django

https://docs.djangoproject.com/

在cmd窗口输入

pip install Django==1.9.5

二、创建第一个工程

在工作目录下创建Django文件夹，cmd进入Django路径下，输入：

django-admin startproject mammothsite

创建mammothsite project

cd mammothsite

python manage.py migrate

然后会看到

Rendering model states... DONE
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

运行服务：

python manage.py runserver

会看到以下提示

Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
November 5, 2015 - 19:10:54
Django version 1.8.6, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

在浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/

可以看到：



下面进入mammothsite子文件夹看看

settings.py

"""
Django settings for mammothsite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9.5.

For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/ 
For the full list of settings and their values, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/ """

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/ 
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '9*w=fvrr3b7ntp44$=g2cj2itpn*nc0@mqf)g4xqxnw)&qqqn!'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mammothsite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mammothsite.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases 
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators 
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/ 
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/ 
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

这里的DEBUG 是调试模式的开关，当设置为True时，当project发生异常会显示详细的异常信息。但是在上线的时候应该将其关掉，防止配置信息或者敏感出错信息泄露。

ALLOWED_HOSTS是为了限定请求中的host值,以防止黑客构造包来发送请求，只有在列表中的host才能访问.强烈建议不要使用*通配符去配置，另外当DEBUG设置为False的时候必须配置这个配置.否则会抛出异常。

INSTALLED_APPS是一个一元数组，里面是应用中要加载的自带或者自己定制的app包路径列表。

默认的包括

django.contrib.admin: This is an administration site.

django.contrib.auth: This is an authentication framework.

django.contrib.contenttypes: This is a framework for content types.

django.contrib.sessions: This is a session framework.

django.contrib.messages: This is a messaging framework.

django.contrib.staticfiles: This is a framework for managing static files.

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES：web应用中需要加载的一些中间件列表。是一个一元数组.里面是django自带的或者定制的中间件包路径，如下：

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

数据库的设置以后再详细说

其它设置项使用时再查阅相关资料