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利用Keepalived+mysql构建高可用MySQL双主自动切转

2016-04-07 10:51 525 查看
转载:http://www.it300.com/index.php/article-15266.html

关于MySQL-HA,目前有多种解决方案,比如heartbeat、drbd、mmm、共享存储,但是它们各有优缺点。heartbeat、drbd配置较为复杂,需要自己写脚本才能实现MySQL自动切换,对于不会脚本语言的人来说,这无疑是一种脑裂问题;对于mmm,生产环境中很少有人用,且mmm管理端需要单独运行一台服务器上,要是想实现高可用,就得对mmm管理端做HA,这样无疑又增加了硬件开支;对于共享存储,个人觉得MySQL数据还是放在本地较为安全,存储设备毕竟存在单点隐患。

使用MySQL双master+keepalived是一种非常好的解决方案,在MySQL-HA环境中,MySQL互为主从关系,这样就保证了两台MySQL数据的一致性,然后用keepalived实现虚拟IP,通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。

下面,我把即将上线的一个生产环境中的架构与大家分享一下,看一下这个架构中,MySQL-HA是如何实现的,环境拓扑如下:

1
MySQL
-VIP
:192.168.1.200
2
MySQL-master1:192.168.1.201
3
MySQL-master2:192.168.1.202
4
5
OS版本:CentOS5.4
6
MySQL版本:5.0.89
7
Keepalived版本:1.1.20
一、MySQLmaster-master配置

1、修改MySQL配置文件

两台MySQL均如要开启binlog日志功能,开启方法:在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin选项

两台MySQL的server-ID不能一样,默认情况下两台MySQL的serverID都是1,需将其中一台修改为2即可

Master1配置:

01
#vim/etc/my.cnf
02
03
log
-bin
=mysql
-bin
//开启binlog日志功能
04
log=/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.log//会打印mysql的所以sql语句
05
06
server
-id
=1//
07
08
binlog
-do
-db
=test//需要同步的库名称
09
auto
-increment
-increment
=2
10
auto
-increment
-offset
=2<spanstyle=
"font-family:Simsun;"
><spanstyle=
"white-space:normal;"
></span></span>
Master2配置:

01
#vim/etc/my.cnf
02
03
log
-bin
=mysql
-bin
//开启binlog日志功能
04
log=/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.log//会打印mysql的所以sql语句
05
06
server
-id
=2
07
08
binlog
-do
-db
=test//需要同步的库名称
09
auto
-increment
-increment
=2
10
auto
-increment
-offset
=2
2、将192.168.1.201设为192.168.1.202的主服务器

在192.168.1.201上新建授权用户

01
MySQL>grantreplicationslaveon*.*to
'replication'
@
'%'
identifiedby
'replication'
;
02
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
03
04
MySQL>showmasterstatus;
05
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
06
|File|Position|Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB|
07
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
08
|MySQL
-bin
.000003|374|||
09
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
10
1rowin
set
(0.00sec)
在192.168.1.202上将192.168.1.201设为自己的主服务器

01
MySQL>changemastertomaster_host=
'192.168.1.201'
,master_user=
'replication'
,master_password=
'replication'
,master_log_file=
'MySQL-bin.000003'
,master_log_pos=374;
02
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.05sec)
03
04
MySQL>startslave;
05
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
06
07
MySQL>showslavestatus\G
08
***************************1.row***************************
09
Slave_IO_State:Waitingformastertosendevent
10
Master_Host:192.168.1.201
11
Master_User:replication
12
Master_Port:3306
13
Connect_Retry:60
14
Master_Log_File:MySQL
-bin
.000003
15
Read_Master_Log_Pos:374
16
Relay_Log_File:MySQL-master2
-relay
-bin
.000002
17
Relay_Log_Pos:235
18
Relay_Master_Log_File:MySQL
-bin
.000003
19
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
20
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
21
Replicate_Do_DB:
22
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
23
Replicate_Do_Table:
24
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
25
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
26
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
27
Last_Errno:0
28
Last_Error:
29
Skip_Counter:0
30
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:374
31
Relay_Log_Space:235
32
Until_Condition:None
33
Until_Log_File:
34
Until_Log_Pos:0
35
Master_SSL_Allowed:No
36
Master_SSL_CA_File:
37
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
38
Master_SSL_Cert:
39
Master_SSL_Cipher:
40
Master_SSL_Key:
41
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
42
1rowin
set
(0.00sec)
3、将192.168.1.202设为192.168.1.201的主服务器

在192.168.1.202上新建授权用户

01
MySQL>grantreplicationslaveon*.*to
'replication'
@
'%'
identifiedby
'replication'
;
02
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
03
04
MySQL>showmasterstatus;
05
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
06
|File|Position|Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB|
07
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
08
|MySQL
-bin
.000003|374|||
09
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
10
1rowin
set
(0.00sec)
在192.168.1.201上,将192.168.1.202设为自己的主服务器

01
MySQL>changemastertomaster_host=
'192.168.1.202'
,master_user=
'replication'
,master_password=
'replication'
,master_log_file=
'MySQL-bin.000003'
,master_log_pos=374;
02
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.05sec)
03
04
MySQL>startslave;
05
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
06
07
MySQL>showslavestatus\G
08
***************************1.row***************************
09
Slave_IO_State:Waitingformastertosendevent
10
Master_Host:192.168.1.202
11
Master_User:replication
12
Master_Port:3306
13
Connect_Retry:60
14
Master_Log_File:MySQL
-bin
.000003
15
Read_Master_Log_Pos:374
16
Relay_Log_File:MySQL-master1
-relay
-bin
.000002
17
Relay_Log_Pos:235
18
Relay_Master_Log_File:MySQL
-bin
.000003
19
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
20
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
21
Replicate_Do_DB:
22
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
23
Replicate_Do_Table:
24
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
25
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
26
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
27
Last_Errno:0
28
Last_Error:
29
Skip_Counter:0
30
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:374
31
Relay_Log_Space:235
32
Until_Condition:None
33
Until_Log_File:
34
Until_Log_Pos:0
35
Master_SSL_Allowed:No
36
Master_SSL_CA_File:
37
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
38
Master_SSL_Cert:
39
Master_SSL_Cipher:
40
Master_SSL_Key:
41
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
42
1rowin
set
(0.00sec)
4、MySQL同步测试

如上述均正确配置,现在任何一台MySQL上更新数据都会同步到另一台MySQL,MySQL同步在此不再演示

二、keepalived安装及配置

1、192.168.1.201服务器上keepalived安装及配置

安装keepalived

01
#wgethttp://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
02
#tarxvzfkeepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
03
#cdkeepalived-1.2.2
04
#./configure
05
#make&&makeinstall
06
#cp/usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived/etc/init.d/
07
cp
/usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/
08
chmod+x/etc/init.d/keepalived
09
chkconfig-
-add
keepalived
10
chkconfigkeepalivedon
11
mkdir/etc/keepalived
12
ln
-s
/usr/local/sbin/keepalived/usr/sbin/
配置keepalived

我们自己在新建一个配置文件,默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件

01
#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
02
global_defs{
03
notification_email{
04
haohailuo@163.com
05
}
06
notification_email_fromhaohailuo@163.com
07
smtp_server127.0.0.1
08
smtp_connect_timeout30
09
router_idMySQL
-ha
10
}
11
12
vrrp_instanceVI_1{
13
stateBACKUP
#两台配置此处均是BACKUP
14
interfaceeth0
15
virtual_router_id51
16
priority100
#优先级,另一台改为90
17
advert_int1
18
nopreempt
#不抢占,只在优先级高的机器上设置即可,优先级低的机器不设置
19
authentication{
20
auth_typePASS
21
auth_pass1111
22
}
23
virtual_ipaddress{
24
192.168.1.200
25
}
26
}
27
28
virtual_server192.168.1.2003306{
29
delay_loop2
#每个2秒检查一次real_server状态
30
lb_algowrr
#LVS算法
31
lb_kindDR
#LVS模式
32
persistence_timeout60
#会话保持时间
33
protocolTCP
34
real_server192.168.1.2013306{
35
weight3
36
notify_down/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
#检测到服务down后执行的脚本
37
TCP_CHECK{
38
connect_timeout10
#连接超时时间
39
nb_get_retry3
#重连次数
40
delay_before_retry3
#重连间隔时间
41
connect_port3306
#健康检查端口
42
}
43
}
44
}
编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本

1
#vi/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
2
#!/bin/sh
3
pkillkeepalived
4
#chmod+x/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
注:此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的,keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server的服务状态,当发现real_server服务故障时,便触发此脚本;我们可以看到,脚本就一个命令,通过pkillkeepalived强制杀死keepalived进程,从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外,我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作,因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP,而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP

启动keepalived

1
#/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived–D
2
#ps-aux|grepkeepalived
测试

找一台局域网PC,然后去pingMySQL的VIP,这时候MySQL的VIP是可以ping的通的

停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本

2、192.168.1.202上keepalived安装及配置

安装keepalived,安装方法参照192.168.1.201的安装方法

配置keepalived

这台配置和上面基本一样,但有三个地方不同:优先级为90、无抢占设置、real_server为本机IP

01
#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
02
global_defs{
03
notification_email{
04
haohailuo@163.com
05
}
06
notification_email_fromhaohailuo@163.com
07
smtp_server127.0.0.1
08
smtp_connect_timeout30
09
router_idMySQL
-ha
10
}
11
12
vrrp_instanceVI_1{
13
stateBACKUP
14
interfaceeth0
15
virtual_router_id51
16
priority90
17
advert_int1
18
authentication{
19
auth_typePASS
20
auth_pass1111
21
}
22
virtual_ipaddress{
23
192.168.1.200
24
}
25
}
26
27
virtual_server192.168.1.2003306{
28
delay_loop2
29
lb_algowrr
30
lb_kindDR
31
persistence_timeout60
32
protocolTCP
33
real_server192.168.1.2023306{
34
weight3
35
notify_down/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
36
TCP_CHECK{
37
connect_timeout10
38
nb_get_retry3
39
delay_before_retry3
40
connect_port3306
41
}
42
}
43
}
编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本

1
#vi/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
2
#!/bin/sh
3
pkillkeepalived
4
#chmod+x/usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh
启动keepalived

1
#/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived–D
2
#ps-aux|grepkeepalived
测试

停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本

三、测试

MySQL远程登录测试

我们找一台安装有MySQL客户端的windows,然后登录VIP,看是否能登录,在登录之两台MySQL服务器都要授权允许从远程登录

1
MySQL>grantallprivilegeson*.*to
'root'
@
'%'
identifiedby
'123456'
;
2
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
3
4
MySQL>flushprivileges;
5
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)
使用客户端登录VIP测试

1
C:\MySQL\bin>MySQL.exe
-uroot
-p123456-h192.168.1.200-P3306
2
WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.
3
YourMySQLconnectionidis224
4
Serverversion:5.0.89
-log
Sourcedistribution
5
6
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
forhelp.
Type
'\c'
to
clear
thecurrentinputstatement.
7
8
MySQL>
keepalived故障转移测试

※在windows客户端一直去pingVIP,然后关闭192.168.1.201上的keepalived,正常情况下VIP就会切换到192.168.1.202上面去

※开启192.168.1.201上的keepalived,关闭192.168.1.202上的keepalived,看是否能自动切换,正常情况下VIP又会属于192.168.1.201

注:keepalived切换速度还是非常块的,整个切换过程只需1-3秒

●MySQL故障转移测试

※在192.168.1.201上关闭MySQL服务,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.202上

※开启192.168.1.201上的MySQL和keepalived,然后关闭192.168.1.202上的MySQL,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.201上

下面是用windows客户端连接的MySQL的VIP,在切换时我执行了一个MySQL查询命令,从执行showdatabases到显示出结果时间为3-5秒(大家可以看到上面有个错误提示,不过不用担心,因为我们的keepalived切换大概为3秒左右,这3秒左右VIP是谁都不属于的)

01
MySQL>showdatabases;
02
ERROR2006(HY000):MySQLserverhasgoneaway
03
Noconnection.Tryingtoreconnect...
04
Connectionid:592
05
Currentdatabase:***NONE***
06
07
+--------------------+
08
|Database|
09
+--------------------+
10
|information_schema|
11
|MySQL|
12
|test|
13
+--------------------+
14
3rowsin
set
(9.01sec)
后话:世间万事万物,都不具备绝对的完美,就像上面的MySQL-HA一样,keepalived只能做到对3306的健康检查,但是做不到比如像MySQL复制中的slave-SQL、slave-IO进程的检查。所以要想做到一些细致的健康检查,还得需要借助额外的监控工具,比如nagios,然后用nagios实现短信、邮件报警,从而能够有效地解决问题。
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