11g单机对dataguard实施

oracle 11g dataguard搭建

主库ip 12.18.10.41

备库ip 12.18.10.42

主库unique_name dg1

备库unique_name dg2

查看是否为归档模式

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /data/arch/

Oldest online log sequence 5

Next log sequence to archive 8

Current log sequence 8

如果不是则修改为归档模式，将数据库启动到MOUNT状态，将数据库修改为归档模式后建数据库启动到OPEN状态。

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> alter database force logging; (强制产生日志)

修改主备库的hosts文件

12.18.10.41 dg1

12.18.10.42 dg2

修改主库参数：

SQL>create pfile='/backup/pfile.ora' from spfile;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(dg1,dg2)';

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/data/arch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1';

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg2 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2';

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;

SQL>alter system set FAL_SERVER=dg2;

SQL>alter system set FAL_CLIENT=dg1;

SQL>alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=auto scope=spfile;

备份主库

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target /

RMAN>backup full database format '/backup/backup_%T_%s_%p.bak';

RMAN>sql "alter system archive log current";

RMAN>backup archivelog all format='/backup/arch_%T_%s_%p.bak';

在主库上建立备库控制文件（控制文件通常需要有多份，手工将文件复制几份）

$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/backup/stdby_control01.ctl';

把主库的密码文件拷贝到下面的目录下

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@dg1 dbhome_1]$ cd dbs

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ cp orapwdg1 /backup/

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ scp * oracle@dg2:/backup/

#/backup 下应该有参数文件，密码文件，控制文件

备库

[oracle@dg2 backup]$ cp orapwdg1 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwdg2密码文件传到备库中，必须和备库的实例名一样（orapw实例名）

修改主备库的tnsnames.ora,备库如果没有的话从主库复制过去。tnsnames.ora在[oracle@dg1]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin 下。 将HOST改为IP地址，要同时拥有dg1，dg2。

修改pfile.ora 文件。删除dg1开头的，保留*开头的。

.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dg2/adump'---修改路径，创建路径

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='/oradata/DG2/controlfile/o1_mf_c8wd9f41_.ctl'---修改路径，创建路径

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest=''----设为空！！(*主库的这个值也要设为空)

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='dg1'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg1XDB)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch'---修改路径，创建路径

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200

*.processes=1500

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sessions=1655

*.sga_target=1073741824

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

~

启动到nomount状态，修改参数

SQL>startup nomount pfile='/backup/pfile.ora';

SQL>create spfile from pfile='/backup/pfile.ora';

SQL>alter system set db_unique_name=dg2 scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(dg1,dg2)' scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2'scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg1 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1' scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set FAL_SERVER=dg1 scope=spfile;

SQL>alter system set FAL_CLIENT=dg2 scope=spfile;

*************************************************************************************************************

alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/DG1/datafile/','/oradata/DG2/datafile/' scope=spfile; ----（前为主库存放数据文件的路径，后为备库存放数据文件的路径，如果主备库目录结构完全一样，则无需设定。）

alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/DG1/onlinelog/','/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/' scope=spfile; ---- (前为主库在线日志的路径，后为备库在线日志的路径，如果主备库目录结构完全一样，则无需设定）

主备切换之后在当前备库上设置这两个参数时路径要反过来

*************************************************************************************************************

SQL>alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=auto scope=spfile;

恢复控制文件：

RMAN> restore controlfile from'/backup/stdby_control01.ctl';

RMAN>alter database mount;

RMAN>run {

set newname for datafile 1 to '/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_system_bwocwhpc_.dbf'; ----首先创建/oradata/DG2/datafile路径

set newname for datafile 2 to '/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bwocwhs2_.dbf';

set newname for datafile 3 to '/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bwocwht5_.dbf';

set newname for datafile 4 to '/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_users_bwocwhvw_.dbf';

set newname for datafile 5 to '/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_example_byx1qkr2_.dbf';

restore database;

switch datafile all;

}

在备库增加standby redolog组数是主库+1。查询语句SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log;（select group#,type,member from v$logfile;）

SQL>alter database add standby logfile -----首先创建/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/路径

group 5 ('/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/stdby_redo5.log') size 50m,

group 6 ('/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/stdby_redo6.log') size 50m,-------###特别注意standby redolog的大小要和主库redolog的大小一致！！！

group 7 ('/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/stdby_redo7.log') size 50m,

group 8 ('/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/stdby_redo8.log') size 50m,

group 9 ('/oradata/DG2/onlinelog/stdby_redo9.log') size 50m;

如果以后主库要切换成备库 就要在现在的主库上加上standbyredolog

SQL>alter database add standby logfile -----首先创建/oradata/dg1/onlinelog/路径

group 5 ('/data/DG1/onlinelog/stdby_redo5.log') size 50m,

group 6 ('/data/DG1/onlinelog/stdby_redo6.log') size 50m,

group 7 ('/data/DG1/onlinelog/stdby_redo7.log') size 50m,

group 8 ('/data/DG1/onlinelog/stdby_redo8.log') size 50m,

group 9 ('/data/DG1/onlinelog/stdby_redo9.log') size 50m;

启动备库

SQL >shutdown immediate

SQL >startup nomount;

SQL >alter database mount standby database;

SQL >alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

正常主备切换：

主库

SQL >alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

SQL >shutdown immediate

SQL >startup nomount;

SQL >alter database mount standby database;

SQL >alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

备库

SQL >alter database commit to switchover to primary;

如果此处报ORA-16139: media recovery required错误，可能是由于未应用日志引起，可先执行alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

SQL >shutdown immediate;

SQL >startup

非正常切换：（即主服务器当机的情况）启动failover

备服务器

SQL >alter database recover managed standby database finish;

SQL >alter database commit to switchover to primary;

SQL >shutdown immediate;

SQL >startup;