一段代码学习几个Python知识点
2016-03-19 11:09
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zip(a, b)函数,将它可迭代的对象a, b作为参数,将a, b中对应的元素打包成一个个tuple(元组),然后返回由tuple组成的列表。
比如:
输出为:
[('A', 'CCC'), ('B', 'DDD')]
###########################################################
enumerate() 可以同时取出可迭代对象的index 和 content。
比如:
输出为:
index: 0 value: 10
index: 1 value: 4
index: 2 value: 6
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format()函数用来替代%控制输出结果的显示。format()高端之处在于可以以变量指定输出显示的位数,比如%3f中的3。
具体用法如下:
举例:
输出结果:
5
5test
55test
55test
55test
5test
5 test
5 test
5test
5 test
a5bbbbbbtest
a5bbbbbbtest
###########################################################
List Python comprehensive 看起来很怪异,其实使用很方便简单
比如:
输出为:
[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 14,
21, 28, 35, 42, 49]
[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 14, 21,
28, 35, 42, 49]
输出为:
['The', 'quick', 'brown', 'fox', 'jumps', 'over', 'the', 'lazy', 'dog']
['THE', 'the', 3]
['QUICK', 'quick', 5]
['BROWN', 'brown', 5]
['FOX', 'fox', 3]
['JUMPS', 'jumps', 5]
['OVER', 'over', 4]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['LAZY', 'lazy', 4]
['DOG', 'dog', 3]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['QUICK', 'quick', 5]
['BROWN', 'brown', 5]
['FOX', 'fox', 3]
['JUMPS', 'jumps', 5]
['OVER', 'over', 4]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['LAZY', 'lazy', 4]
['DOG', 'dog', 3]
Dict Python Comprehensive
比如:
输出为:
{0: 'A', 1: 'B', 2: 'C', 3: 'D'}
{'barry@python.org': 1, 'guido@python.org': 1, 'barry@zope.com': 1}
###########################################################
实例,以表格形式输出list of list 中的元素,要求元素之间以“|”隔开,且每列以最长的元素为列宽
zip(a, b)函数,将它可迭代的对象a, b作为参数,将a, b中对应的元素打包成一个个tuple(元组),然后返回由tuple组成的列表。
比如:
def show_table(table): test = zip(*table) print (test) show_table([['A','B'],['CCC','DDD']])
输出为:
[('A', 'CCC'), ('B', 'DDD')]
###########################################################
enumerate() 可以同时取出可迭代对象的index 和 content。
比如:
myList = [10, 4, 6] for i, val in enumerate(myList): print ("index: " + str(i) + " value: " + str(val))
输出为:
index: 0 value: 10
index: 1 value: 4
index: 2 value: 6
###########################################################
format()函数用来替代%控制输出结果的显示。format()高端之处在于可以以变量指定输出显示的位数,比如%3f中的3。
具体用法如下:
举例:
print ("{}".format(5)) print ("{}{}".format(5, "test")) print ("{0}{0}{1}".format(5, "test")) print ("{value}{value}{text}".format(value = 5, text = "test")) myList = [5, "test"] print ("{0[0]}{0[0]}{0[1]}".format(myList)) #":number" specify the format print ("{:2}{:10}".format(5, "test")) # < means left-aligned, > means right-aligned, ^ means center-aligned print ("{:<2}{:<10}".format(5, "test")) print ("{:<2}{:>10}".format(5, "test")) print ("{:>2}{:<10}".format(5, "test")) print ("{:>2}{:>10}".format(5, "test")) # a, b here is the fill character print ("{:a>2}{:b>10}".format(5, "test")) #specify the format using variable print ("{:a>{}}{:b>10}".format(5, 2, "test"))
输出结果:
5
5test
55test
55test
55test
5test
5 test
5 test
5test
5 test
a5bbbbbbtest
a5bbbbbbtest
###########################################################
List Python comprehensive 看起来很怪异,其实使用很方便简单
比如:
noprimes = [j for i in range(2, 8) for j in range(i*2, 50, i)] print (noprimes) noprimes = [] for i in range(2, 8): for j in range(i*2, 50, i): noprimes.append(j) print (noprimes)
输出为:
[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 14,
21, 28, 35, 42, 49]
[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 14, 21,
28, 35, 42, 49]
words = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'.split() print words stuff = [[w.upper(), w.lower(), len(w)] for w in words] for i in stuff: print i stuff = [] for w in words: stuff.append([w.upper(), w.lower(), len(w)]) for i in stuff: print i
输出为:
['The', 'quick', 'brown', 'fox', 'jumps', 'over', 'the', 'lazy', 'dog']
['THE', 'the', 3]
['QUICK', 'quick', 5]
['BROWN', 'brown', 5]
['FOX', 'fox', 3]
['JUMPS', 'jumps', 5]
['OVER', 'over', 4]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['LAZY', 'lazy', 4]
['DOG', 'dog', 3]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['QUICK', 'quick', 5]
['BROWN', 'brown', 5]
['FOX', 'fox', 3]
['JUMPS', 'jumps', 5]
['OVER', 'over', 4]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['LAZY', 'lazy', 4]
['DOG', 'dog', 3]
Dict Python Comprehensive
比如:
print {i : chr(65+i) for i in range(4)} list_of_email_addrs = ["barry@zope.com", "barry@python.org", "guido@python.org"] print {x.lower() : 1 for x in list_of_email_addrs}
输出为:
{0: 'A', 1: 'B', 2: 'C', 3: 'D'}
{'barry@python.org': 1, 'guido@python.org': 1, 'barry@zope.com': 1}
###########################################################
实例,以表格形式输出list of list 中的元素,要求元素之间以“|”隔开,且每列以最长的元素为列宽
def show_table(table): col_width = [max(len(x) for x in col) for col in zip(*table)] for index, line in enumerate(table): table_row = "" for i, x in enumerate(line): table_row += "{:{}}".format(x, col_width[i]) + " | " print "| " + table_row def main(): show_table([['10','2','300'],['4000','50','60'],['7','800','90000']]) show_table([['A','B'],['CCC','DDD']]) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
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