Mysqldump总结

Mysqldump总结
原理：其实 就是把数据从mysql库里以逻辑的sql语句的形式直接输出或者生成备份文件的过程。source 命令也可以恢复，很简单，就是use数据库+ source +/path/all.sql
[root@mysql-double ~]# cat mysqldump.txt
1.mysqldump -uroot -p -S/data/3308/mysql.sock test > test.sql 备份
库名 定向到哪
2.mysqldump -uroot -p111111 -S/data/3308/mysql.sock -Btest > B.sql 加-B
-B 参数很重要 就是增加了create命令和use使用库和接多个库名
3.[root@mysql-double ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p111111 -S/data/3308/mysql.sock -B test | gzip> B.sql.gz 加上gzip压缩，减少空间，效率很高 解压 gzip –d B.sql.gz

4.[root@mysql-double ~]# egrep -v "#|\*|--|^$" test.sql 可以过滤查看备份内容

5.[root@mysql-double tmp]# mysqldump -uroot -p111111 -S/data/3308/mysql.sock -B test tangbo mysql| gzip> double.sql.gz 备份多个库

6. [root@mysql-double tmp]# mysql-uroot -p'111111' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" | grep -Evi"Database|infor|perf" | sed -r 's#^([a-z].*$)#mysqldump -uroot-p'111111' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock --events -B \1 | gzip > /tmp/logs/\1.sql.gz#g' | bash
分库备份： 一键备份多个库，在分库备份的时候使用这条命令
7.总结
MyISAM
全备： mysql -uroot-p'111111' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -A -B -F –flush-privileges –master-data=2 –x -–events | gzip > /opt/all.sql.gz InnoDB：推荐使用这种 全备：mysql -uroot -p'111111' -S/data/3308/mysql.sock -A -B –F –flush-privileges –master-data=2 –single-transaction –events | gzip > /opt/all.sql.gz 上诉两种备份如果数据库有存储过程和触发器还得加两个参数： --triggers –routines --hex-blob，一般公司无这三个参数。 触发器 存储过程 如果你库中有blob字段,而你又没加这个参数 ,那你的blog大字段数据就会丢失 --print-defaults Print the program argument list andexit.
--no-defaults Don't read default options from anyoption file,
except for login file.
--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the givenfile #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this fileafter the global files are read.
--defaults-group-suffix=#
Also read groups withconcat(group, suffix)
--login-path=# Read this path from the login file.
-A, --all-databases Dump 导出所有数据，一般加-B 共用+--events all the databases. This will be same as --databases
with all databasesselected.
-Y,--all-tablespaces
Dump all the tablespaces.
-y,--no-tablespaces
Do not dump anytablespace information.
--add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.
--add-drop-table Add a DROPTABLE before each create.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-add-drop-table to disable.)
--add-drop-trigger Add a DROPTRIGGER before each create.
--add-locks Add locksaround INSERT statements.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-add-locks to disable.)
--allow-keywords Allow creationof column names that are keywords.
--apply-slave-statements
Adds 'STOP SLAVE' priorto 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START
SLAVE' to bottom ofdump.
--bind-address=name IP address to bind to.
--character-sets-dir=name
Directory for characterset files.
-i,--comments Write additionalinformation.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-comments to disable.)
--compatible=name Change thedump to be compatible with a given mode. By
default tables are dumpedin a format optimized for
MySQL. Legal modes are:ansi, mysql323, mysql40,
postgresql, oracle,mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,
no_table_options,no_field_options. One can use several
modes separated bycommas. Note: Requires MySQL server
version 4.1.0 or higher. This option isignored with
earlier server versions.
--compact 备份时加了该参数，可以减少输出没用的信息，生产环境一般不用
它会忽略一些信息，如droptable 加锁等。
-c,--complete-insert
Use complete insertstatements.
-C,--compress Use compression inserver/client protocol.
-a,--create-options
Include all MySQLspecific create options.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-create-options to disable.)

-B, --databases 指定多个库名备份 直观看，加上-B参数作用是增加创建数据库和连接数据库的命令，生产环境备份必用。
[root@mysql-double ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p111111 -S/data/3308/mysql.sock -B test > B.sql

[root@mysql-double ~]# diff test.sql B.sql
18a19,26
> -- Current Database: `test`
> --
>
> CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULTCHARACTER SET utf8 */;
>
> USE `test`;
>
> --
50c58
< -- Dump completed on 2016-01-05 14:58:32
---
> -- Dump completed on 2016-01-05 15:20:36
[root@mysql-double ~]#

-#,--debug[=#] This is a non-debugversion. Catch this and exit.
--debug-check Check memoryand open file usage at exit.
--debug-info Print somedebug info at exit.
--default-character-set=name
Set the default characterset.
--delayed-insert Insert rowswith INSERT DELAYED.
--delete-master-logs
Delete logs on masterafter backup. This automatically
enables --master-data.
-K,--disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLEtb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
'/*!40000 ALTER TABLEtb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
in the output.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-disable-keys to disable.)
--dump-slave[=#] This causesthe binary log position and filename of the
master to be appended tothe dumped data output. Setting
the value to 1, willprintit as a CHANGE MASTER command
in the dumped dataoutput; if equal to 2, that command
will be prefixed with acomment symbol. This option will
turn --lock-all-tableson, unless --single-transaction is
specified too (in whichcase a global read lock is only
taken a short time at thebeginning of the dump - don't
forget to read about--single-transaction below). In all
cases any action on logswill happen at the exact moment
of the dump.Optionautomatically turns --lock-tables off.
-E, --events Dump events.
-e,--extended-insert
Use multiple-row INSERTsyntax that include several
VALUES lists.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-extended-insert to disable.)
--fields-terminated-by=name
Fields in the output fileare terminated by the given
string.
--fields-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output fileare enclosed by the given
character.
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output fileare optionally enclosed by the
given character.
--fields-escaped-by=name
Fields in the output fileare escaped by the given
character.
-F, --flush-logs 刷新，切割binlog Flush logs file in server before startingdump. Note that
if you dumpmany databases at once (using the option
--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
flushed foreach database dumped. The exception is when
using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: inthis case
the logswill be flushed only once, corresponding to the
moment alltables are locked. So if you want your dump
and the logflush to happen at the same exact moment you
should use--lock-all-tables or --master-data with
--flush-logs.
--flush-privileges Emit a FLUSHPRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
database. This option should be used any time the dump
contains the mysqldatabase and any other database that
depends on the data inthe mysql database for proper
restore.
-f,--force Continue even if we getan SQL error.
-?,--help Display this help messageand exit.
--hex-blob Dump binarystrings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
hexadecimal format.
-h,--host=name Connect to host.
--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify morethan one
table to ignore, use thedirective multiple times, once
for each table. Each table must be specified with both
database and table names,e.g.,
--ignore-table=database.table.
--include-master-host-port
Adds'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE
MASTER TO..' in dumpproduced with --dump-slave.
--insert-ignore Insert rowswith INSERT IGNORE.
--lines-terminated-by=name
Lines in the output fileare terminated by the given
string.
-x, 锁表 --lock-all-tables
Locks all tables acrossall databases. This is achieved
by taking a global readlock for the duration of the
whole dump. Automaticallyturns --single-transaction and
--lock-tables off.
-l, --lock-tables 只读锁表 Lock all tables forread.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-lock-tables to disable.)
--log-error=name Appendwarnings and errors to given file.
--master-data[=#] 自动找到binlog的位置 This causes the binary log position andfilename to be
如：--master-data=1 可以不用刷新binlog了，做增量备份的时候很有用
--master-data=2，后会加个注释，好找些
--max-allowed-packet=#
The maximum packet lengthto send to or receive from
server.
--net-buffer-length=#
The buffer size forTCP/IP and socket communication.
--no-autocommit Wrap tableswith autocommit/commit statements.
-n,--no-create-db Suppress the CREATE DATABASE... IF EXISTS statement that
normally is output foreach dumped database if
--all-databases or--databases is given.
-t,--no-create-info 如果希望只导出表数据
Don't write tablecreation info.
-d, --no-data 只备份表结构No row information.
-N,--no-set-names Same as--skip-set-charset.
--opt Same as--add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,
--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables,--set-charset,
and --disable-keys.Enabled by default, disable with
--skip-opt.
--order-by-primary Sorts eachtable's rows by primary key, or first unique
key, if such a keyexists. Useful when dumping a MyISAM
table to be loaded intoan InnoDB table, but will make
the dump itself takeconsiderably longer.
-p,--password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server. Ifpassword is
not given it's solicitedon the tty.
-P,--port=# Port number to use forconnection.
--protocol=name The protocolto use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-q,--quick Don't buffer query, dumpdirectly to stdout.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-quick to disable.)
-Q,--quote-names Quote table and columnnames with backticks (`).
(Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names todisable.)
--replace Use REPLACEINTO instead of INSERT INTO.
-r,--result-file=name
Direct output to a givenfile. This option should be used
in systems (e.g., DOS,Windows) that use carriage-return
linefeed pairs (\r\n) toseparate text lines. This option
ensures that only asingle newline is used.
-R,--routines Dump stored routines(functions and procedures).
--set-charset Add 'SET NAMESdefault_character_set' to the output.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-set-charset to disable.)
--set-gtid-purged[=name]
Add 'SET@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible
values for this optionare ON, OFF and AUTO. If ON is
used and GTIDs are notenabled on the server, an error is
generated. If OFF isused, this option does nothing. If
AUTO is used and GTIDsare enabled on the server, 'SET
@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' isadded to the output. If GTIDs
are disabled, AUTO does nothing.If no value is supplied
then the default (AUTO)value will be considered.
--single-transaction MySIM直接选-x参数锁表，InnoDB选择这个参数来保证备份
的一致性。相当于设置一个隔离级别，REPEATABLE READ ，以确保本次会话dump时，不会看到其它会话已经提交的数据。
Creates a consistentsnapshot by dumping all tables in a
single transaction. WorksONLY for tables stored in
storage engines whichsupport multiversioning (currently
only InnoDB does); thedump is NOT guaranteed to be
consistent for otherstorage engines. While a
--single-transaction dumpis in process, to ensure a
valid dump file (correcttable contents and binary log
position), no other connection shoulduse the following
statements: ALTER TABLE,DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,
TRUNCATE TABLE, asconsistent snapshot is not isolated
from them. Option automaticallyturns off --lock-tables.
--dump-date Put a dumpdate to the end of the output.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-dump-date to disable.)
--skip-opt Disable --opt.Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
--create-options,--quick, --extended-insert,
--lock-tables,--set-charset, and --disable-keys.
-S,--socket=name The socket file to usefor connection.
--secure-auth Refuse clientconnecting to server if it uses old
(pre-4.1.1) protocol.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-secure-auth to disable.)
--ssl Enable SSL forconnection (automatically enabled with
other flags).
--ssl-ca=name CA file in PEMformat (check OpenSSL docs, implies
--ssl).
--ssl-capath=name CA directory(check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
--ssl-cert=name X509 cert inPEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher touse (implies --ssl).
--ssl-key=name X509 key inPEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-crl=name Certificaterevocation list (implies --ssl).
--ssl-crlpath=name Certificaterevocation list path (implies --ssl).
--ssl-verify-server-cert
Verify server's"Common Name" in its cert against
hostname used whenconnecting. This option is disabled by
default.
-T, --tab=name 可以把表结构和内容分开Create tab-separated textfile for each table to
ump is run on the same machine as themysqld
server.
--tables Overridesoption --databases (-B).
--triggers Dump triggersfor each dumped table.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-triggers to disable.)
--tz-utc SETTIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of
TIMESTAMP data when aserver has data in different time
zones or data is beingmoved between servers with
different time zones.
(Defaults to on; use--skip-tz-utc to disable.)
-u,--user=name User for login if notcurrent user.
-v,--verbose Print info about thevarious stages.
-V,--version Output versioninformation and exit.
-w,--where=name Dump only selectedrecords. Quotes are mandatory.
-X,--xml Dump a database as wellformed XML.
--plugin-dir=name Directory forclient-side plugins.
--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.

Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
all-databases FALSE
all-tablespaces FALSE
no-tablespaces FALSE
add-drop-database FALSE
add-drop-table TRUE
add-drop-trigger FALSE
add-locks TRUE
allow-keywords FALSE
apply-slave-statements FALSE
bind-address (No default value)
character-sets-dir (No default value)
comments TRUE
compatible (No default value)
compact FALSE
complete-insert FALSE
compress FALSE
create-options TRUE
databases FALSE
debug-check FALSE
debug-info FALSE
default-character-set utf8
delayed-insert FALSE
delete-master-logs FALSE
disable-keys TRUE
dump-slave 0
events FALSE
extended-insert TRUE
fields-terminated-by (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-escaped-by (No default value)
flush-logs FALSE
flush-privileges FALSE
force FALSE
hex-blob FALSE
host (No default value)
include-master-host-port FALSE
insert-ignore FALSE
lines-terminated-by (No default value)
lock-all-tables FALSE
lock-tables TRUE
log-error (No default value)
master-data 0
max-allowed-packet 25165824
net-buffer-length 1046528
no-autocommit FALSE
no-create-db FALSE
no-create-info FALSE
no-data FALSE
order-by-primary FALSE
port 0
quick TRUE
quote-names TRUE
replace FALSE
routines FALSE
set-charset TRUE
single-transaction FALSE
dump-date TRUE
socket (No default value)
secure-auth TRUE
ssl FALSE
ssl-ca (No default value)
ssl-capath (No default value)
ssl-cert (No default value)
ssl-cipher (No default value)
ssl-key (No default value)
ssl-crl (No default value)
ssl-crlpath (No default value)
ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE
tab (No default value)
triggers TRUE
tz-utc TRUE
user (No defaultvalue)
verbose FALSE
where (No default value)
plugin-dir (No default value)
default-auth (No default value)
[root@mysql-double ~]#
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