SGI STL (1) :: Use Proper Containers and Algorisms

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what complexity means

If you ignore it, the performance of the resulting program will often render it useless.

For example:

Consider the STL vector container. Ignoring the complexity specification, it is possible to implement vector using the same underlying data structure as list, i.e. as a doubly linked list. But for a vector of length 10,000, this would probably slow down an average computation of v[i] by something like a factor of 5,000.

For a program that requires many vector accesses, such as a typical numerical computation, this is likely to change an execution time of minutes to days.