oracle针对oracle和grid用户---环境变量设置---单实例和RAC

一 单实例的创建GI+单实例数据库

分别使用grid用户和oracle用户

oracle用户

export ORACLE_SID=sdb

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=sdb

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.3

export
OGG_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ogg

export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DD HH24:MI:SS"

export
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export CLASSPATH

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias ggsci='rlwrap ggsci'

grid用户

#export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.3

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

mkdir -p /u01/grid/11g/

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/grid

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/oracle/11g

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

[root@localhost ~]# chown grid.oinstall /u01/app/grid/

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

chown oracle.oinstall /u01/oracle

二 RAC搭建 环境变量设置 oracle用户和grid用户

export ORACLE_SID=mes1

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=mes

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.3/db

export
OGG_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ogg

export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DD HH24:MI:SS"

export
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export CLASSPATH

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias ggsci='rlwrap ggsci'

grid用户

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.3/grid

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'

--

2 安装 RAC 的准备工作

2.1 添加组和用户（所有节点）

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin

groupadd -g 1201 asmdba

groupadd -g 1202 asmoper

groupadd -g 1300 dba

groupadd -g 1301 oper

useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash grid

useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle

--将用户 grid 添加到 dba 组：

[root@rac1 app]# gpasswd -a grid dba

Adding user grid to group dba

--确认用户信息：

[root@rac1 ~]# id oracle

uid=502(oracle) gid=507(oinstall) groups=507(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),506(asmdba)

[root@rac1 ~]# id grid

uid=1100(grid) gid=507(oinstall) groups=507(oinstall),504(asmadmin),506(asmdba),505(asmoper)

--修改密码：

passwd oracle Dave

passwd grid

--在所有节点上验证用户 nobody 存在：

安装软件之前，执行以下过程，以验证在两个 Oracle RAC 节点上存在用户 nobody，要确定该用

户是否存在，输入以下命令：

# id nobody

uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)

如果该命令显示了 nobody 用户的信息，则无需创建该用户。如果用户 nobody 不存在，则输入以下

命令进行创建：

# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

D:\Oracle官方文档\E11882_01\install.112\e24326\toc.htm

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

sysctl -p

3、

[root@qhmes ~]# /sbin/service ntpd stop

Shutting down ntpd: [FAILED]

[root@qhmes ~]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak

[root@qhmes ~]# chkconfig ntpd off

[root@qhmes ~]# /etc/init.d/sendmail stop

Shutting down sm-client: [ OK ]

Shutting down sendmail: [ OK ]

[root@qhmes ~]# chkconfig sendmail off

[root@qhmes ~]# chkconfig iptables off

[root@qhmes ~]# rm /var/run/n

netreport/ nscd/

4、

grid soft nproc 8188

grid hard nproc 65536

grid soft nofile 4096

grid hard nofile 262144

oracle soft nproc 8188

oracle hard nproc 65536

oracle soft nofile 4096

oracle hard nofile 262144

5、

cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF

session required pam_limits.so

EOF

6、

cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF

if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] || [ /$USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

EOF

一 单实例的创建GI+单实例数据库

分别使用grid用户和oracle用户

oracle用户

export ORACLE_SID=sdb

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=sdb

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.3

export
OGG_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ogg

export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DD HH24:MI:SS"

export
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export CLASSPATH

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias ggsci='rlwrap ggsci'

grid用户

#export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.3

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

mkdir -p /u01/grid/11g/

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/grid

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/oracle/11g

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

[root@localhost ~]# chown grid.oinstall /u01/app/grid/

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

chown oracle.oinstall /u01/oracle

二 RAC搭建 环境变量设置 oracle用户和grid用户

export ORACLE_SID=mes1

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=mes

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.3/db

export
OGG_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ogg

export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DD HH24:MI:SS"

export
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export CLASSPATH

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias ggsci='rlwrap ggsci'

grid用户

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.3/grid

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'

--

2 安装 RAC 的准备工作

2.1 添加组和用户（所有节点）

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin

groupadd -g 1201 asmdba

groupadd -g 1202 asmoper

groupadd -g 1300 dba

groupadd -g 1301 oper

useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash grid

useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle

--将用户 grid 添加到 dba 组：

[root@rac1 app]# gpasswd -a grid dba

Adding user grid to group dba

--确认用户信息：

[root@rac1 ~]# id oracle

uid=502(oracle) gid=507(oinstall) groups=507(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),506(asmdba)

[root@rac1 ~]# id grid

uid=1100(grid) gid=507(oinstall) groups=507(oinstall),504(asmadmin),506(asmdba),505(asmoper)

--修改密码：

passwd oracle Dave

passwd grid

--在所有节点上验证用户 nobody 存在：

安装软件之前，执行以下过程，以验证在两个 Oracle RAC 节点上存在用户 nobody，要确定该用

户是否存在，输入以下命令：

# id nobody

uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)

如果该命令显示了 nobody 用户的信息，则无需创建该用户。如果用户 nobody 不存在，则输入以下

命令进行创建：

# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

D:\Oracle官方文档\E11882_01\install.112\e24326\toc.htm

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

sysctl -p

3、

[root@qhmes ~]# /sbin/service ntpd stop

Shutting down ntpd: [FAILED]

[root@qhmes ~]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak

[root@qhmes ~]# chkconfig ntpd off

[root@qhmes ~]# /etc/init.d/sendmail stop

Shutting down sm-client: [ OK ]

Shutting down sendmail: [ OK ]

[root@qhmes ~]# chkconfig sendmail off

[root@qhmes ~]# chkconfig iptables off

[root@qhmes ~]# rm /var/run/n

netreport/ nscd/

4、

grid soft nproc 8188

grid hard nproc 65536

grid soft nofile 4096

grid hard nofile 262144

oracle soft nproc 8188

oracle hard nproc 65536

oracle soft nofile 4096

oracle hard nofile 262144

5、

cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF

session required pam_limits.so

EOF

6、

cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF

if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] || [ /$USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

EOF