组合模式
2016-02-06 14:57
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所谓组合模式就是利用对象组合成整体结构,简单的说就是节点的反复嵌套,类似tree结构
参考代码:
""" A class which defines a composite object which can store hieararchical dictionaries with names. This class is same as a hiearchical dictionary, but it provides methods to add/access/modify children by name, like a Composite. Created Anand B Pillai <abpillai@gmail.com> """ __author__ = "Anand B Pillai" __maintainer__ = "Anand B Pillai" __version__ = "0.2" def normalize(val): """ Normalize a string so that it can be used as an attribute to a Python object """ if val.find('-') != -1: val = val.replace('-', '_') return val def denormalize(val): """ De-normalize a string """ if val.find('_') != -1: val = val.replace('_', '-') return val class SpecialDict(dict): """ A dictionary type which allows direct attribute access to its keys """ def __getattr__(self, name): if name in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[name] elif name in self: return self.get(name) else: # Check for denormalized name name = denormalize(name) if name in self: return self.get(name) else: raise AttributeError('no attribute named %s' % name) def __setattr__(self, name, value): if name in self.__dict__: self.__dict__[name] = value elif name in self: self[name] = value else: # Check for denormalized name name2 = denormalize(name) if name2 in self: self[name2] = value else: # New attribute self[name] = value class CompositeDict(SpecialDict): """ A class which works like a hierarchical dictionary. This class is based on the Composite design-pattern """ ID = 0 def __init__(self, name=''): if name: self._name = name else: self._name = ''.join(('id#', str(self.__class__.ID))) self.__class__.ID += 1 self._children = [] # Link back to father self._father = None self[self._name] = SpecialDict() def __getattr__(self, name): if name in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[name] elif name in self: return self.get(name) else: # Check for denormalized name name = denormalize(name) if name in self: return self.get(name) else: # Look in children list child = self.findChild(name) if child: return child else: attr = getattr(self[self._name], name) if attr: return attr raise AttributeError('no attribute named %s' % name) def isRoot(self): """ Return whether I am a root component or not """ # If I don't have a parent, I am root return not self._father def isLeaf(self): """ Return whether I am a leaf component or not """ # I am a leaf if I have no children return not self._children def getName(self): """ Return the name of this ConfigInfo object """ return self._name def getIndex(self, child): """ Return the index of the child ConfigInfo object 'child' """ if child in self._children: return self._children.index(child) else: return -1 def getDict(self): """ Return the contained dictionary """ return self[self._name] def getProperty(self, child, key): """ Return the value for the property for child 'child' with key 'key' """ # First get the child's dictionary childDict = self.getInfoDict(child) if childDict: return childDict.get(key, None) def setProperty(self, child, key, value): """ Set the value for the property 'key' for the child 'child' to 'value' """ # First get the child's dictionary childDict = self.getInfoDict(child) if childDict: childDict[key] = value def getChildren(self): """ Return the list of immediate children of this object """ return self._children def getAllChildren(self): """ Return the list of all children of this object """ l = [] for child in self._children: l.append(child) l.extend(child.getAllChildren()) return l def getChild(self, name): """ Return the immediate child object with the given name """ for child in self._children: if child.getName() == name: return child def findChild(self, name): """ Return the child with the given name from the tree """ # Note - this returns the first child of the given name # any other children with similar names down the tree # is not considered. for child in self.getAllChildren(): if child.getName() == name: return child def findChildren(self, name): """ Return a list of children with the given name from the tree """ # Note: this returns a list of all the children of a given # name, irrespective of the depth of look-up. children = [] for child in self.getAllChildren(): if child.getName() == name: children.append(child) return children def getPropertyDict(self): """ Return the property dictionary """ d = self.getChild('__properties') if d: return d.getDict() else: return {} def getParent(self): """ Return the person who created me """ return self._father def __setChildDict(self, child): """ Private method to set the dictionary of the child object 'child' in the internal dictionary """ d = self[self._name] d[child.getName()] = child.getDict() def setParent(self, father): """ Set the parent object of myself """ # This should be ideally called only once # by the father when creating the child :-) # though it is possible to change parenthood # when a new child is adopted in the place # of an existing one - in that case the existing # child is orphaned - see addChild and addChild2 # methods ! self._father = father def setName(self, name): """ Set the name of this ConfigInfo object to 'name' """ self._name = name def setDict(self, d): """ Set the contained dictionary """ self[self._name] = d.copy() def setAttribute(self, name, value): """ Set a name value pair in the contained dictionary """ self[self._name][name] = value def getAttribute(self, name): """ Return value of an attribute from the contained dictionary """ return self[self._name][name] def addChild(self, name, force=False): """ Add a new child 'child' with the name 'name'. If the optional flag 'force' is set to True, the child object is overwritten if it is already there. This function returns the child object, whether new or existing """ if type(name) != str: raise ValueError('Argument should be a string!') child = self.getChild(name) if child: # print 'Child %s present!' % name # Replace it if force==True if force: index = self.getIndex(child) if index != -1: child = self.__class__(name) self._children[index] = child child.setParent(self) self.__setChildDict(child) return child else: child = self.__class__(name) child.setParent(self) self._children.append(child) self.__setChildDict(child) return child def addChild2(self, child): """ Add the child object 'child'. If it is already present, it is overwritten by default """ currChild = self.getChild(child.getName()) if currChild: index = self.getIndex(currChild) if index != -1: self._children[index] = child child.setParent(self) # Unset the existing child's parent currChild.setParent(None) del currChild self.__setChildDict(child) else: child.setParent(self) self._children.append(child) self.__setChildDict(child) if __name__ == "__main__": window = CompositeDict('Window') frame = window.addChild('Frame') tfield = frame.addChild('Text Field') tfield.setAttribute('size', '20') btn = frame.addChild('Button1') btn.setAttribute('label', 'Submit') btn = frame.addChild('Button2') btn.setAttribute('label', 'Browse') # print(window) # print(window.Frame) # print(window.Frame.Button1) # print(window.Frame.Button2) print(window.Frame.Button1.label) print(window.Frame.Button2.label)
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