你所不知道的python特点及语句
2016-02-02 13:58
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1.自定义可选参数
方法1:自定义可选参数def function(arg1="",arg2=""): print "arg1: {0}".format(arg1) print "arg2: {0}".format(arg2) function("Hello", "World") # prints args1: Hello # prints args2: World function() # prints args1: # prints args2
方法2:元组实现,类似java func(Object arg…)
def foo(*args): # just use "*" to collect all remaining arguments into a tuple numargs = len(args) print "Number of arguments: {0}".format(numargs) for i, x in enumerate(args): print "Argument {0} is: {1}".format(i,x) foo() # Number of arguments: 0 foo("hello") # Number of arguments: 1 # Argument 0 is: hello foo("hello","World","Again") # Number of arguments: 3 # Argument 0 is: hello # Argument 1 is: World # Argument 2 is: Again
使用Glob()查找文件
Glob()可以说是一个更强大版本的listdir()函数(它可以让你通过使用模式匹配来搜索文件)#模糊搜索 import glob # get all py files files = glob.glob('*.py') print files # Output # ['arg.py', 'g.py', 'shut.py', 'test.py']
多类型搜索
import itertools as it, glob def multiple_file_types(*patterns): return it.chain.from_iterable(glob.glob(pattern) for pattern in patterns) for filename in multiple_file_types("*.txt", "*.py"): # add as many filetype arguements print filename # output #=========# # test.txt # arg.py # g.py # shut.py # test.py
调用realpath()函数显示绝对路径
mport itertools as it, glob, os def multiple_file_types(*patterns): return it.chain.from_iterable(glob.glob(pattern) for pattern in patterns) for filename in multiple_file_types("*.txt", "*.py"): # add as many filetype arguements realpath = os.path.realpath(filename) print realpath # output #=========# # C:\xxx\pyfunc\test.txt # C:\xxx\pyfunc\arg.py # C:\xxx\pyfunc\g.py # C:\xxx\pyfunc\shut.py # C:\xxx\pyfunc\test.py
生成唯一id
1.UUIDimport uuid result = uuid.uuid1() print result # output => various attempts # 9e177ec0-65b6-11e3-b2d0-e4d53dfcf61b # be57b880-65b6-11e3-a04d-e4d53dfcf61b # c3b2b90f-65b6-11e3-8c86-e4d53dfcf61b
2.mac地址+key+data
import hmac,hashlib key='1' data='a' print hmac.new(key, data, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest() m = hashlib.sha1() m.update("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog") print m.hexdigest() # c6e693d0b35805080632bc2469e1154a8d1072a86557778c27a01329630f8917 # 2fd4e1c67a2d28fced849ee1bb76e7391b93eb12
序列号
1.python以前的序列化方法:import pickle variable = ['hello', 42, [1,'two'],'apple'] # serialize content file = open('serial.txt','w') serialized_obj = pickle.dumps(variable) file.write(serialized_obj) file.close() # unserialize to produce original content target = open('serial.txt','r') myObj = pickle.load(target) print serialized_obj print myObj #output # (lp0 # S'hello' # p1 # aI42 # a(lp2 # I1 # aS'two' # p3 # aaS'apple' # p4 # a. # ['hello', 42, [1, 'two'], 'apple']
2.流行的json序列化方法
import json variable = ['hello', 42, [1,'two'],'apple'] print "Original {0} - {1}".format(variable,type(variable)) # encoding encode = json.dumps(variable) print "Encoded {0} - {1}".format(encode,type(encode)) #deccoding decoded = json.loads(encode) print "Decoded {0} - {1}".format(decoded,type(decoded)) # output # Original ['hello', 42, [1, 'two'], 'apple'] - <type 'list'=""> # Encoded ["hello", 42, [1, "two"], "apple"] - <type 'str'=""> # Decoded [u'hello', 42, [1, u'two'], u'apple'] - <type 'list'="">
字符串压缩
import zlib string = """ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc ut elit id mi ultricies adipiscing. Nulla facilisi. Praesent pulvinar, sapien vel feugiat vestibulum, nulla dui pretium orci, non ultricies elit lacus quis ante. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Aliquam pretium ullamcorper urna quis iaculis. Etiam ac massa sed turpis tempor luctus. Curabitur sed nibh eu elit mollis congue. Praesent ipsum diam, consectetur vitae ornare a, aliquam a nunc. In id magna pellentesque tellus posuere adipiscing. Sed non mi metus, at lacinia augue. Sed magna nisi, ornare in mollis in, mollis sed nunc. Etiam at justo in leo congue mollis. Nullam in neque eget metus hendrerit scelerisque eu non enim. Ut malesuada lacus eu nulla bibendum id euismod urna sodales. """ print "Original Size: {0}".format(len(string)) compressed = zlib.compress(string) print "Compressed Size: {0}".format(len(compressed)) decompressed = zlib.decompress(compressed) print "Decompressed Size: {0}".format(len(decompressed)) # output # Original Size: 1022 # Compressed Size: 423 # Decompressed Size: 1022
注册Shutdown函数
脚本运行完毕后会执行shutdown函数:import atexit import time import math def microtime(get_as_float = False) : if get_as_float: return time.time() else: return '%f %d' % math.modf(time.time()) start_time = microtime(False) atexit.register(start_time) def shutdown(): global start_time print "Execution took: {0} seconds".format(start_time) atexit.register(shutdown) # Execution took: 0.297000 1387135607 seconds # Error in atexit._run_exitfuncs: # Traceback (most recent call last): # File "C:\Python27\lib\atexit.py", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs # func(*targs, **kargs) # TypeError: 'str' object is not callable # Error in sys.exitfunc: # Traceback (most recent call last): # File "C:\Python27\lib\atexit.py", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs # func(*targs, **kargs) # TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
else高级用法
1.用于非正常循环结束def print_prime(n): for i in xrange(2, n): # found = True for j in xrange(2, i): if i % j == 0: # found = False break else:# ==> if has break print "{} it's a prime number".format(i) # if found: # print "{} it's a prime number".format(i) print_prime(7) 2 it's a prime number 3 it's a prime number 5 it's a prime number
2.try except没有出现except
def my_to_int(str_param): try: print int(str_param) except ValueError: print 'cannot convert {} to a integer'.format(str_param) else: print 'convert {} to integer successfully'.format(str_param) my_to_int("123") my_to_int("me123") 123 convert 123 to integer successfully cannot convert me123 to a integer
博客出处
原文:
http://python.jobbole.com/84228/
http://python.jobbole.com/84270/
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